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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 


BY 

WILLIAM  ALPHONSO  MURRILL,  A.M.,  PH.D. 

ASSISTANT  DIRECTOR  OF  THE   NEW  YORK  BOTANICAL  GARDEN 

ASSOCIATE   EDITOR  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  FLORA 

EDITOR  OF  MYCOLOGIA 


NEW  YORK 

PUBLISHED   BY  THE  AUTHOR 
1915 

58506 


Copyright,  1915 
By  WILLIAM  ALPHONSO  MURRILL 


PRESS  OP 

THE  NEW  ERA  PRINTING  COMPANY 
LANCASTER,  PA. 


f  7 
M 


PREFACE 

Polypores  are  tough  or  woody  fungi  found  chiefly  on  wood  in 

^*     the  form  of  brackets  of  various  shapes  and  sizes,  the  fruiting 

surface  being  composed  of  tubes  or  furrows.     Sometimes  the 

*  walls  of  these  tubes  split  with  age  and  the  hymenium  appears 
spiny,  resembling  the  hydnums;  sometimes  the  furrows  change 
with  age  to  appear  like  gills.     When  the  fruit-body  is  perennial, 
the  tubes  are  often  arranged  in  layers.     The  family  may  be 

^      divided  into  four  groups,  the  resupinates,  the  annual  poroid 

*  species,  the  perennial  poroid  species,  and  the  agaric-like  species. 
^      The  resupinate  species  cannot  be  satisfactorily  studied  without 

^J  the  advantages  of  a  large  herbarium  and  are  therefore  omitted 
here,  but  some  of  the  larger  species  of  the  other  groups  are  com- 
paratively easy. 

Polypores  as  a  class  are  very  destructive  to  trees  and  timber. 

*4.      On  the  other  hand,  one  species  possesses  medicinal  properties, 

some  of  the  encrusted  species  supply  tinder,  and  several  of  the 

more  juicy  ones  are  excellent  for  food  if  collected  when  young. 

.      The  only  species  recognized  as  poisonous  is  the  medicinal  one, 

,j      Fames  Laricis,  and  it  is  so  tough  and  bitter  that  no  one  would 

\      think  of  eating  it. 

Jl  Polypores  are  very  easily  collected  and  preserved  and  they 
largely  retain  their  characters  when  dried,  which  makes  them 
excellent  objects  for  class  study  during  the  winter  months. 
Many  of  them,  also,  remain  in  situ  during  the  winter  in  perfect 
condition  for  collecting.  As  a  group,  they  lend  themselves 
remarkably  well  to  studies  in  gross  and  minute  anatomy,  vari- 
ation, adaptation,  and  injurious  effects  on  trees  and  structural 
timbers. 

North  America  may  be  conveniently  divided  into  five  regions : 
(i)  eastern  Canada  and  the  northern  United  States  southward 
to  the  southern  boundaries  of  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Missouri,  and 
Kansas,  and  westward  to  the  western  boundaries  of  Kansas, 
Nebraska,  and  the  Dakotas;  (2)  the  southern  United  States, 

iii 


iv  PREFACE 

including  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Arkansas, 
Oklahoma,  Texas,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Alabama,  Georgia, 
and  the  northern  portion  of  Florida;  (3)  the  Rocky  Mountain 
region,  including  the  remainder  of  the  western  United  States 
and  Canada  with  the  exception  of  states  bordering  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean;  (4)  the  far  West,  including  California,  Oregon, 
Washington,  British  Columbia,  and  Alaska;  and  (5)  tropical 
North  America,  including  Mexico,  Central  America,  southern 
Florida,  the  Bermudas,  the  West  Indies,  and  all  other  islands 
between  North  America  and  South  America  with  the  exception 
of  Trinidad. 

In  all  these  regions,  there  is  an  abundance  of  work  still  to 
be  done  before  our  knowledge  of  the  polypores  is  complete,  and 
it  is  believed  that  the  publication  of  a  series  of  books  treating  the 
species  of  each  region  separately  will  stimulate  effort  in  this 
direction. 

The  terms  here  used  to  express  the  abundance  of  a  species  are 
"rare"  or  "occasional,"  "rather  frequent,"  "frequent,"  "rather 
common,"  "common,"  "very  common,"  and  "extremely 
common."  For  the  sake  of  brevity,  certain  liberties  have  been 
taken  with  the  term  "brown,"  especially  in  the  keys,  where  it  is 
often  used  as  a  general  term  for  some  shade  of  yellowish-brown 
or  brown.  In  the  same  way,  allowances  must  be  made  for  the 
term  "throughout"  when  used  to  indicate  occurrence,  which 
does  not  imply  the  actual  presence  of  a  given  species  on  every 
snowcapped  mountain  or  every  treeless  prairie  within  the  region. 

W.  A.  MURRILL. 
NEW  YORK  BOTANICAL  GARDEN, 
December  i,  1914. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

Including  the  pileate  species  occurring  in  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Arkansas,  Oklahoma,  Texas,  Louisi- 
ana, Mississippi,  Alabama,  Georgia,  and  the  northern  portion 
of  Florida.  Florida  is  so  imperfectly  known  mycologically 
that  collections  from  almost  any  part  of  the  state  are  liable  to 
bring  surprises. 

POLYPORACEAE 

Hymenophore  annual  or  perennial;  context  fleshy- tough, 
corky,  or  woody;  hymenium  poroid  or  lamelloid,  fleshy  to  woody, 
never  gelatinous. 

Hymenium  porose. 

Hymenophore  annual.  Tribe  i.  POLYPOREAE. 

Hymenophore  perennial.1  Tribe  2.  FOMITEAE. 

Hymenium  furrowed.2  Tribe  3.  DAEDALEAE. 

Tribe  i.  POLYPOREAE.  Hymenophore  variable  in  size  and  shape,  fleshy-tough 
to  corky,  annual,  sometimes  reviving;  surface  encrusted  or  anoderm,  glabrous 
or  hairy,  zonate  or  azonate;  context  fibrous,  rarely  punky,  variously  colored; 
tubes  cylindric,  sometimes  splitting  into  teeth,  usually  thin-walled;  spores 
rounded  or  oblong,  brown  or  hyaline;  cystidia  frequently  present;  surface  of 
pileus  never  conidia-bearing;  stipe  often  present,  variously  attached. 

Context  white. 

Hymenophore  sessile. 

Tubes  hexagonal,  arranged  in  radiating  rows;  context 

thin.  ii.  HEXAGONA. 

Tubes  mostly  shallow,  marginal  and  obsolete;  hy- 
menium hydnoid  or  irpiciform  at  a  very  early 
stage.  i.  IRPICIPORUS. 

Tubes  normally  poroid,  sometimes  irpiciform  from 

the  rupture  of  the  dissepiments  at  maturity. 
Context  duplex,  spongy  above,  firm  below;  sur- 
face sodden  and  bibulous.  6.  SPONGIPELLIS. 

1  Exceptions  occur  in  Ganoderma  spp.,  Fomitella  supina,  and  Elfvingia  lobata. 
Porodaedalea  is  closely  allied  to  the  Daedaleae. 

*  Cerrena  shows  an  irpiciform  hymenium  at  maturity,  much  resembling  species 
of  Coriolus.  Daedalea  and  Gloeophyllum  sometimes  show  poroid  forms  that  are 
very  confusing. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 


Context  not  duplex  as  above. 

Pileus  fleshy- tough  to  woody  and  rigid. 
Surface  anoderm,  rarely  zonate. 

Hymenium  more  or  less  smoke-colored 

at  maturity.  7.  BJERKANDERA. 

Hymenium  white  or  pallid. 

Context  fleshy  to  fleshy-tough,  fri- 
able when  dry.  5.  TYROMYCES. 
Context  punky  to  corky,  not  friable 

when  dry.  8.  TRAMETES. 

Surface  pelliculose,  zonate.  9.  RIGIDOPORUS. 

Pileus  thin,  leathery,  and  more  or  less  flexible; 

surface  usually  zonate. 
Hymenophore  preceded  by  a  cup-shaped 

sterile  body.  2.  PORONIDULUS. 

Hymenophore  not  as  above. 

Hymenophore  normally  pileate;  tubes 

small  and  nearly  always  regular.  3.  CORIOLUS. 

Hymenophore    semiresupinate ;    tubes 
large  and  irregular.  4.  CORIOLELLUS. 

Hymenophore  stipitate. 

Stipe  compound.  16.  GRIFOLA. 

Stipe  simple. 

Plants  fleshy,  terrestrial.  15.  SCUTIGER. 

Plants  tough,  epixylous. 

Tubes  large,  hexagonal  and  radially  elongate 

from  the  first.  n.  HEXAGONA. 

Tubes  not   as  above,    except   in   Polyporus 

caudicinus. 

Pileus  inverted,  erumpent  from  lenticels.        10.  PORODISCULUS. 
Pileus  erect  or  lateral,  not  erumpent. 

Context  duplex,  spongy  above,  woody 

below.  14.  ABORTIPORUS. 

Context  homogeneous,  firm. 

Surface  zonate.  12.  MICROPORELLUS. 

Surface  azonate.  13.  POLYPORUS. 

Context  bright-colored,  yellow  or  red;  hymenophore  sessile. 
Pores  red  or  reddish. 

Tubes  unchanged  on  drying.  17.  PYCNOPORUS. 

Tubes  orange-colored,  becoming  dark  and  resinous 

on  drying.  18.  AURANTIPORUS. 

Pores  yellow;  plants  very  large.  19.  LAETIPORUS. 

Context  brown. 

Hymenophore  sessile. 
Spores  hyaline. 

Context  light-brown. 

Context   at   first   fleshy,    becoming    slightly 

corky.  24.  ISCHNODERMA. 

Context  tough  from  the  first. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  3 

Surface  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  23.  HAPALOPILUS. 
Surface  distinctly  hairy. 

Tubes  small  and  regular.  21.  CORIOLOPSIS. 

Tubes  large  and  irregular.  22.  FUN  ALIA. 
Context  dark-brown. 

Context  friable.  28.  PHAEOLUS. 
Context  tough. 

Tubes  brown,  rarely  greenish. 
Tubes  entire. 

Surface  heavily  bearded.  25.  POGONOMYCES. 

Surface  not  bearded.  21.  CORIOLOPSIS. 

Tubes  soon  splitting  into  teeth.  20.  CERRENELLA. 

Tubes  black.  26.  NIGROPORUS. 

Spores  brown.  27.  INONOTUS. 
Hymenophore  stipitate. 

Spores  hyaline.  28.  PHAEOLUS. 
Spores  brown. 

Pileus  inverted,  pendant.  29.  COLTRICIELLA. 

Pileus  erect;  stipe  central.  30.  COLTRICIA. 

Tribe  2.  FOMITEAE.  Hymenophore  large,  woody,  perennial,  rarely  small  or 
annual;  surface  anoderm  or  encrusted,  usually  sulcate,  sometimes  varnished; 
context  punky  or  woody,  variously  colored;  tubes  cylindric,  usually  thick- 
walled;  spores  rounded,  smooth  or  verrucose,  hyaline  or  brown;  cystidia  fre- 
quently present;  surface  of  pileus  conidia-bearing  in  a  few  species;  stipe  rarely 
present,  the  hymenophore  usually  being  sufficiently  elevated  by  its  host. 
Annual  forms  and  species  in  a  few  genera  connect  this  group  with  the  Poly- 
poreae;  while  the  tendency  at  times  to  produce  a  daedaleoid  hymenium,  shown 
especially  in  Porodaedalea,  connects  it  with  the  Daedaleae. 

Surface  of  hymenophore  covered  with  reddish-brown  varn- 
ish; context  punky  to  corky.  39.  GANODERMA. 
Surface  of  hymenophore  not  as  above. 

Context  white,  flesh-colored,  or  wood-colored.  31.  FOMES. 

Context  olivaceous.  32.  FOMITELLA. 

Context  brown  or  latericeous. 

Surface  not  encrusted;  or,  if  so,  context  woody. 
Hymenium  porose. 

Spores  hyaline.  33.  PYROPOLYPORUS. 

Spores  brown.  34.  FULVIFOMES. 

Hymenium  porose-daedaleoid.  35.  PORODAEDALEA. 

Surface  encrusted;  context  punky. 

Hymenophore  subsessile,  cespitose.  36.  GLOBIFOMES. 

Hymenophore  sessile,  simple  or  imbricate. 

Spores  hyaline  or  subhyaline.  37-  ELFVINGIELLA. 

Spores  decidedly  brown.  38.  ELFVINGIA. 

Tribe  3.  DAEDALEAE.  Hymenium  annual,  very  rarely  perennial,  coriaceous  to 
woody,  variable  in  size;  surface  anoderm,  hairy  or  glabrous,  variously  marked; 
context  white  or  brown,  fibrous,  woody,  or  punky;  hymenium  exceedingly 
variable,  normally  labyrinthiform  or  lamelloid,  but  often  poroid  or  even  irpici« 


4  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

form,  never  stratified ;  spores  smooth,  brown  or  hyaline.  Poroid  and  irpicif orm 
plants  of  this  group  are  difficult  to  separate  from  certain  species  of  Polyporeae, 
forms  of  Daedalea  confragosa  in  particular  being  troublesome  to  the  beginner. 
On  the  other  hand,  there  is  little  to  cause  confusion  between  this  group  and 
the  Fomiteae,  if  we  except  the  single  distinctly  perennial  species  of  Daedalea 
and  the  daedaleoid  forms  of  Porodaedalea. 

Context  white  or  wood-colored. 

Hymenium  labyrinthiform,  often  becoming  lamellate  or 

irpiciform. 

Hymenium  very  soon  becoming  irpiciform.  40.  CERRENA. 

Hymenium  rarely  becoming  irpiciform  and  then  not 

until  maturity.  41.  DAEDALEA. 

Hymenium  lamellate  from  the  first,  not  becoming  irpici- 
form. 42.  LENZITES. 
Context  brown. 

Hymenophore  sessile,  furrows  radiate.  43.  GLOEOPHYLLUM. 

Hymenophore  centrally  stipitate,  furrows  concentric.          44.  CVCLOPORUS. 

I.     IRPICIPORUS   Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  effused-reflexed, 
white  or  pallid  throughout;  surface  anoderm,  glabrous  or  velvety, 
not  distinctly  zonate,  margin  acute ;  context  white,  coriaceous  or 
corky;  hymenium  hydnoid  or  irpiciform,  with  traces  of  shallow, 
obsolete  tubes  near  the  margin;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Teeth  i  cm.  or  more  long;  pileus  usually  large  and  thick.  i.  I.  mollis. 

Teeth  less  than  0.5  cm.  long;  pileus  thin  and  shortly  reflexed.  2.  /.  lacteus. 

i.     IRPICIPORUS  MOLLIS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  sessile,  dimidiate,  imbricate,  decurrent,  3-4  X  4-8 
X  1-3  cm.;  surface  white,  finely  pubescent,  azonate,  sulcate  at 
times,  often  aculeate  behind  with  age;  context  white,  coriaceous, 
1-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  soon  splitting  into  teeth,  which  are  1-2 
cm.  long,  compressed  to  subulate,  slender,  more  or  less  pointed, 
dentate  or  incised,  puberulent  to  glabrous,  white  to  pale-flesh- 
colored,  about  i  mm.  apart  at  the  base;  spores  globose,  5-7  /*• 

Frequent  on  dead  or  diseased  trunks  of  deciduous  trees  through- 
out, sometimes  growing  near  the  tops  of  trees. 

2.     IRPICIPORUS  LACTEUS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  extensively  effused,  shortly  reflexed,  imbricate,  dimidi- 
ate, laterally  connate,  0-1.5  X  1-4  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  white, 
subzonate,  concentrically  furrowed  in  large  specimens,  villose; 
margin  very  thin,  deflexed,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  mem- 
branous, less  than  i  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  irregular,  white  to 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  5 

isabelline,  1-3  mm.  long,  mouths  angular,  about  2  to  a  mm., 
edges  uneven,  soon  splitting  into  teeth,  which  are  compressed, 
pointed,  fimbriate,  dentate  to  incised;  spores  cylindric,  slightly 
curved,  smooth,  6-7  X  2-3  /JL. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  dead  branches  and  trunks 
of  deciduous  trees. 

2.     PORONIDULUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  tough,  sessile,  epixylous,  at  first  sterile 
and  cup-like,  the  fertile  portion  developing  from  the  sterile; 
context  white,  fibrous;  tubes  short,  thin-walled,  mouths  poly- 
gonal; spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     PORONIDULUS  CONCHIFER  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  usually  nar- 
rowly attached,  conchate,  springing  from  a  sterile,  cup-like  struc- 
ture, which  usually  appears  on  the  mature  hymenophore  near 
the  base,  1.5-2  X  2-4  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  white  to  isabelline, 
with  pale-latericeous  zones,  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  the 
sterile  portion  avellaneous,  with  narrow,  black,  concentric  lines; 
margin  thin,  concolorous,  undulate;  context  very  thin,  mem- 
branous, less  than  I  mm.  in  thickness;  tubes  short,  about  I  mm. 
long,  thin-walled,  white,  mouths  angular,  irregular,  3  to  a  mm., 
edges  thin,  uneven,  dentate. 

Very  common  throughout  on  dead  elm  branches. 

3.    CORIOLUS  Quel. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  zonate,  anoderm, 
hairy  or  glabrous;  context  thin,  white,  flexible,  fibrous,  leathery; 
tubes  thin-walled,  white,  at  length  splitting  into  irpiciform  teeth 
in  several  species,  mouths  polygonal  or  irregular;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline. 
Tubes  more  or  less  entire,  at  least  until  the  hymenophore 

is  quite  old. 

Surface  of  pileus  wholly  or  partly  glabrous  when 
mature  or  clothed  only  with  inconspicuous  hairs. 
Pileus  not  entirely  glabrous  at  maturity. 

Pileus  marked  at  maturity  with  glabrous  zones 
of  a  different  color  from  the  rest  of  the 
surface. 

Glabrous  zones  large,  numerous,  conspicu- 
ously and  variously  colored.  i.  C.  versicolor. 
Glabrous  zones  small  and   comparatively 

inconspicuous. 
Hymenium  white  or  yellowish.  2.  C.  ectypTis. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 


Hymenium  umbrinous  or  fuscous. 

Hymenium      umbrinous;       surface 

opaque,  with  very  few  zones.  3.  C.  alabamensis. 

Hymenium  fuscous;  surface  shining, 

multizonate.  4.  C.  sector. 

Pileus  not  marked  with  glabrous  zones;  hymeno- 

phoresemiresupinate;  tubes  large,  hexagonal.       5.  C.  hexagoniformis. 
Pileus  entirely  glabrous  at  maturity. 

Margin  of  pileus  entire  or  lobed,  not  becoming 

nmbriate  or  lacerate. 
Context  punky,  2-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  6  to 

a  mm.  6.  C.  subectypus. 

Context  fleshy-tough,  1—3  mm.  thick;  tubes 
4-5  to  a  mm.;  pileus  almost  brittle  when 

dry.  7.  C.  ochrotinctellus. 

Margin  of  pileus  very  thin,  becoming  nmbriate 

or  lacerate  at  maturity. 
Tubes  large,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  margin  fimbri- 

ate.  8.  C.  Drummondii. 

Tubes  only  half  as  large,  margin  lacerate.          9.  C.  membranaceus. 
Surface  of  pileus  clothed  entirely  with  a  conspicuous 

hairy  covering. 
Pileus  5  mm.  or  more  in  thickness  and  several 

centimeters  broad;  surface  roughly  hirsute.  10.  C.  nigromarginaius. 

Pileus  much  thinner. 

Pileus  2-6  cm.  broad.  n.  C.  sericeohirsulus. 

Pileus  scarcely  i  cm.  broad.  12.  C.  sublilacinus. 

Tubes  soon  breaking  up  into  long  irpiciform  teeth. 

Pileus  5-10  cm.  broad  and  5  mm.  or  more  thick.  13.  C.  molliusculus. 

Pileus  much  smaller  and  thinner. 

Surface  ashy- white,  villose;  plants  confined  to  coni- 
ferous wood.  14.  C.  abietinus. 
Surface  wood-colored,  tomentose;  plant  found  on 
both  deciduous  and  coniferous  wood.                        15.  C.  prolificans. 

I.      CORIOLUS  VERSICOLOR   (L.)    Qu61. 

Pileus  densely  imbricate,  very  thin,  dimidiate,  conchate, 
2-4  X  3-7  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  smooth,  velvety,  shining, 
marked  with  conspicuous,  glabrous  zones  of  various  colors, 
mostly  latericeous,  bay,  or  black;  margin  thin,  sterile,  entire; 
context  thin,  membranous;  tubes  punctiform,  less  than  I  mm. 
long,  white  to  isabelline  within,  mouths  circular  to  angular, 
regular,  even,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick  and  entire,  becoming 
thin  and  dentate,  white,  glistening,  at  length  opaque-isabelline 
or  slightly  umbrinous;  spores  allantoid,  4-6  X  1-2  ju. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  all  forms  of  dead  wood. 
It  also  causes  a  serious  root-rot  in  many  trees  and  is  a  wound 
parasite  on  Catalpa. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  7 

2.     CORIOLUS  ECTYPUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Pat. 

Pileus  tough,  rigid  or  slightly  flexible,  imbricate,  sessile  or 
umbonate-sessile,  dimidiate,  conchate,  3-7  X  4-8  X  0.5-0.7  cm.; 
surface  finely  tomentose  to  nearly  glabrous,  smooth,  pale- 
isabelline  with  pale-rufous  zones;  margin  thin,  entire,  sterile; 
context  punky,  zonate,  2-4  mm.  thick;  tubes  2-3  mm.  long, 
white  within,  mouths  circular  to  slightly  angular,  very  regular, 
4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire,  pallid,  becoming  thin,  slightly 
dentate,  glistening  and  pale-avellaneous  at  maturity;  spores 
ellipsoid,  3X2/1. 

Frequent  on  dead  deciduous  wood  from  South  Carolina  to 
Florida  and  Louisiana. 

3.     CORIOLUS  ALABAMENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  densely  imbricate,  rigid  when  dry,  dimidiate, 
convex  above,  concave  below,  2  X  3-4  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface 
hirtose-tomentose,  isabelline,  opaque,  with  1-3  concentric, 
nearly  glabrous,  avellaneous  to  fuliginous,  depressed  zones 
near  the  margin,  which  is  thin,  sterile,  pallid,  somewhat  plicate, 
and  entire  to  undulate;  context  thin,  white,  fibrous;  tubes 
punctiform,  less  than  I  mm.  long,  white  to  pallid  within,  mouths 
angular,  rather  irregular,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  white 
to  avellaneous,  sometimes  umbrinous  in  dried  specimens. 

Found  only  at  Auburn,  Alabama,  on  dead  wood. 

4.     CORIOLUS  SECTOR  (Ehrenb.)  Pat. 

Pileus  rather  thin,  flexible,  flabelliform,  often  spuriously 
short-stipitate,  imbricate,  laterally  connate,  2-4  X  3-6  X  o.i- 
0.2  cm. ;  surface  multizonate,  finely  radiate-striate,  often  plicate, 
silky,  usually  shining,  more  or  less  tomentose  near  the  base, 
avellaneous  to  isabelline;  margin  entire  to  fimbriate  or  deeply 
dissected,  sometimes  palmate;  context  thin,  coriaceous,  avel- 
laneous, about  0.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  0.5-1  mm.  long,  avellaneous 
within,  mouths  angular,  irregular,  very  variable  in  size,  2-6 
to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  dentate  to  lanceolate,  avellaneous  to  fulig- 
inous; spores  globose,  3.5-5  M- 

Common  on  dead  wood  from  South  Carolina  southward. 

5.     CORIOLUS  HEXAGONIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  resupinate,  effused,  narrowly  reflexed,  white  through- 
out, slightly  stramineous  in  dried  specimens,  0-0.3  X  2-4 
X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  soft,  nearly  glabrous,  azonate;  margin 


8  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

thin,  irregular,  lobed,  sometimes  inflexed;  context  thin,  white, 
fibrous;  tubes  large,  shallow,  about  I  mm.  deep,  mouths  hexag- 
onal, quite  regular,  I  mm.  in  diameter,  edges  thin,  entire  or 
slightly  dentate. 

Found  on  dead  pine  branches  at  Auburn,  Alabama. 

6.     CORIOLUS  SUBECTYPUS  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate,  sessile,  flabelliform,  rather  thin,  slightly 
flexible  to  rigid,  4-7  X  6-10  X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface  smooth, 
glabrous,  white  to  pallid,  tinged  with  bay  at  times  behind, 
indistinctly  concentrically  furrowed,  subshining,  finely  multi- 
zonate;  margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed,  sometimes  inflexed 
when  dry;  context  white,  punky,  2-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  about 
I  mm.  long,  white  within,  mouths  glistening,  circular  to  angular, 
6  to  a  mm.,  edges  very  thin,  denticulate,  white,  pale-ochraceous 
in  dried  specimens,  rather  firm  when  young,  becoming  flaccid 
and  wearing  away  with  age;  spores  ovoid,  5-6  X  3-4  At. 

Found  by  Rau  on  dead  wood  in  Florida. 

7.    CORIOLUS  OCHROTINCTELLUS  Murrill 

Pileus  subimbricate,  dimidiate  or  flabelliform,  applanate  or 
conchate,  sessile  to  substipitate,  rigid,  more  or  less  brittle, 
2-6  X  3-9  X  0.2-0.5  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  smooth,  subshining, 
ochroleucous  with  ochraceous  zones;  margin  papery- thin,  fragile, 
often  incurved,  entire  or  undulate,  rarely  lobed;  context  milk- 
white,  fleshy- tough,  somewhat  friable,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes 
1-3  mm.  long,  slender,  white  to  ochroleucous  within,  mouths 
very  regular,  angular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  white 
to  ochraceous  or  isabelline;  spores  globose,  3  p. 

Found  several  times  on  decayed  wood  in  Mississippi. 

8.     CORIOLUS  DRUMMONDII  (Klotzsch)  Pat. 

Pileus  very  thin,  slightly  flexible,  but  rather  brittle,  laterally 
connate,  somewhat  imbricate,  spatulate  or  flabelliform,  1-2 
X  1-1.5  X  0.05-0.1  cm.;  surface  longitudinally  fibrose-striate, 
rough,  nearly  glabrous,  pallid  to  light-bay,  subzonate;  margin 
very  thin,  fimbriate,  irregular;  context  thin,  membranous, 
white  to  pallid;  tubes  very  short,  less  than  I  mm.  thick,  mouths 
angular,  radially  elongate,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  pallid  to  discolored, 
edges  thin,  flaccid,  dentate  to  lacerate. 

Known  originally  only  from  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  but 
recently  found  at  Ocala,  Florida,  where  it  is  said  to  be  common  on 
cypress  trunks. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  9 

9.      CORIOLUS   MEMBRANACEUS    (Sw.)    Pat. 

Pileus  very  thin,  densely  imbricate,  dimidiate  or  flabelliform, 
conchate,  2-4  X  3-6  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  multizonate,  finely 
radiate-furrowed,  short-tomentose  to  glabrous  and  subshining, 
white  or  pallid  with  slightly  darker  zones;  margin  very  thin, 
undulate  or  lobed,  usually  splitting  with  age;  context  white, 
fibrous,  0.5-1.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  short,  less  than  I  mm., 
white  to  discolored  within,  mouths  angular,  4-6  to  a  mm., 
edges  very  thin,  denticulate,  fimbriate  with  age,  white  to  isa- 
belline  or  nearly  fulvous  in  dried  specimens ;  spores  globose,  4-5  /x. 

Found  once  or  twice  on  dead  wood  at  New  Orleans,  Louisiana, 
Extremely  common  in  tropical  America,  where  it  was  first 
described  from  Jamaica. 

10.     CORIOLUS  NIGROMARGINATUS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  confluent-effused,  more  or  less  imbricate,  dimidiate, 
applanate,  corky-leathery,  rather  thick,  flexible  or  rigid,  3-5 
X  5-8  X  0.3-0.8  cm.;  surface  conspicuously  hirsute,  isabelline 
to  cinereous,  concentrically  furrowed  and  zoned;  margin  at 
length  thin,  often  fuliginous,  sterile,  finely  strigose-tomentose, 
entire  or  undulate;  context  white,  thin,  fibrous,  spongy  above, 
1-4  mm.  thick;  tubes  white,  1-2  mm.  long,  mouths  circular  to 
angular,  4  to  a  mm.,  quite  regular,  edges  thin,  firm,  tough,  entire, 
white  to  yellowish  or  umbrinous;  spores  cylindric,  slightly 
curved,  2.5-3  /*• 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  all  forms  of  dead  deciduous 
wood. 

ii.     CORIOLUS  SERICEOHIRSUTUS  (Klotzsch)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  flexible,  effused-confluent,  sometimes  wholly 
resupinate,  conchate-reflexed,  0-3  X  2-6  X  0.05-0.1  cm.;  surface 
conspicuously  silky-villose  to  strigose-hirsute,  multizonate,  pale- 
brown  to  hoary,  with  slightly  darker  zones;  margin  thin,  entire 
or  undulate,  dentate  or  eroded  with  age;  context  thin,  white, 
membranous;  tubes  shallow,  1-1.5  mm.  deep,  white  to  slightly 
discolored  within,  mouths  hexagonal,  irregular,  very  variable 
in  size,  0.3-1  mm.  in  diameter,  edges  thin,  denticulate  to  dentate, 
white  to  discolored,  sometimes  becoming  umbrinous;  spores 
6X4M- 

Frequent  throughout  on  dead  trunks  and  branches  of  red 
cedar.  Also  extending  northward  occasionally  into  the  middle 
states. 


io  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

12.      CORIOLUS   SUBLILACINUS   Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate-confluent,  cup-shaped,  sessile,  0.5-1  cm. 
broad,  less  than  I  mm.  thick;  surface  densely  villose-tomentose, 
scarcely  zonate,  white  to  discolored;  margin  thin,  concolorous, 
inflexed  when  dry,  somewhat  undulate;  context  thin,  white, 
membranous,  rather  rigid;  tubes  punctiform,  less  than  I  mm. 
long,  mouths  angular  to  irregular,  large  for  the  size  of  the  pileus, 
3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  pale-lilac,  fading  to  dull-avellaneous,  rather 
thick,  entire. 

Collected  once  in  Florida  on  dead  branches. 

13.     CORIOLUS  MOLLIUSCULUS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  effused-reflexed,  imbricate,  laterally  connate,  the 
reflexed  portion  dimidiate,  conchate,  2-5  X  5-12  X  0.3-0.7  cm.; 
surface  white,  obscurely  zonate,  nearly  smooth,  somewhat  silky, 
fibrillose-tomentose;  margin  acute  or  obtuse,  undulate  to  lobed; 
context  soft-corky,  white,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  3-5  mm.  long, 
white  to  discolored  within,  mouths  large  and  irregular,  variable 
in  size,  averaging  2  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  lacerate-dentate,  white 
to  discolored  or  light-bay;  spores  oblong,  slightly  curved,  7-9 
X  2.5-3  /*• 

Common  throughout  on  dead  deciduous  wood.  C.  biformis 
(Kl.)  Pat.  has  been  the  usually  accepted  name  for  this  species. 

14.     CORIOLUS  ABIETINUS  (Dicks.)  Quel. 

Pileus  effused-reflexed,  the  reflexed  portion  thin,  tough,  flexible 
to  nearly  rigid,  0.5-1.5  X  1-3  X  0.05-0.1  cm.;  surface  obsoletely 
zonate,  grayish-white,  villose;  margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed, 
fimbriate  with  age,  incurved  on  drying;  context  very  thin,  white, 
membranous;  tubes  uneven,  irregular,  soon  becoming  irpiciform, 
mouths  variable  in  size,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  lacerate- 
dentate,  unequal,  pallid  or  violet,  fading  with  age,  somewhat 
flesh-tinted  in  dried  specimens;  spores  globose,  4.5-5.5  M- 

Common  throughout  on  decaying  coniferous  trunks. 

15.     CORIOLUS  PROLIFICANS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  exceedingly  variable,  sessile  or  affixed  by  a  short  tubercle, 
dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  broadly  or  narrowly  attached,  2-5 
X  2-6  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  finely  villose-tomentose,  smooth, 
white  or  slightly  yellowish,  marked  with  a  few  narrow,  indistinct, 
latericeous  or  bay  zones;  margin  thin,  sterile,  entire  to  lobed; 
context  very  thin,  white,  fibrous;  tubes  1-3  mm.  long,  white  to 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  n 

discolored  within,  mouths  angular,  somewhat  irregular,  3-4  to  a 
mm.,  usually  becoming  irpiciform  at  an  early  stage,  edges  acute, 
dentate,  becoming  lacerate,  white  to  yellowish  or  umbrinous. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  dead  deciduous  trees,  often 
covering  entire  trunks.  It  is  easily  mistaken  for  one  of  the 
Hydnaceae. 

4.     CORIOLELLUS   Murrill 

Hymenophore  small,  dry,  annual,  epixylous,  semiresupinate; 
surface  anoderm,  usually  azonate;  context  white,  thin,  fibrous 
to  corky;  hymenium  concolorous;  tubes  thin-walled,  usually 
rather  large  and  irregular,  dentate,  but  not  irpiciform;  spores 
smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  white  or  pale-isabelline.  i.  C.  Sepium. 

Pileus  fulvous  to  latericeous.  2.  C.  serialis. 

1.  CORIOLELLUS  SEPIUM  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  small,  dimidiate,  laterally  connate,  narrowly  attached 
when  young,  becoming  decurrent  and  often  effused,  0.5-1  X  1-3.5 
X  0.2-0.5  cm.;  surface  white  or  pale-wood-colored,  finely  tomen- 
tose  to  glabrous,  subzonate,  smooth  or  broadly  radiately  fur- 
rowed; margin  thin  or  tumid,  entire  to  undulate;  context  white, 
1-2  mm.  thick,  soft-corky;  tubes  white,  2-3  mm.  long,  mouths 
angular,  uneven,  irregular,  sometimes  slightly  sinuous,  1-2  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  undulate  to  dentate,  white;  spores  oblong, 
12  X  5/z. 

Common  throughout  on  structural  timber  and  other  dead 
wood,  especially  that  of  deciduous  trees. 

2.  CORIOLELLUS  SERIALIS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  extensively  effused,  resupinate  or 
shortly  reflexed,  seriately  elongate,  laterally  connate,  the  reflexed 
portion  very  narrow,  o-i  X  1-1.5  X  0.3-0.5  cm. ;  surface  uneven, 
subzonate,  appressed-tomentose  to  strigose,  hoary-fulvous  to 
latericeous-f ulvous ;  margin  thick,  pallid,  undulate  to  very 
uneven;  context  white,  fibrous,  membranous,  less  than  I  mm. 
thick;  tubes  slender,  white,  very  variable  in  size  and  shape, 
2-8  mm.  long,  mouths  circular  to  angular  or  irregular,  pure- 
white,  becoming  pale-yellowish-brown  at  times  on  drying,  about 
3  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thick,  firm,  entire,  becoming  thinner 
and  dentate;  spores  oblong,  6-8  X  2.5-3  /*• 

Rather  common  throughout  on  dead  coniferous  and  deciduous 
wood. 


12  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

5.    TYROMYCES  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  anoderm,  azonate, 
glabrous  or  nearly  so;  context  white,  fibrous,  fleshy  to  fleshy- 
tough,  rigid  and  friable  when  dry;  tubes  thin-walled,  white  or 
yellowish,  mouths  polygonal;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  large,  8  cm.  or  more  in  diameter. 

Tubes  less  than  5  mm.  long.  I.  T.  palustris. 

Tubes  more  than  5  mm.  long. 
Surface  of  pileus  very  smooth. 

Pileus  white  or  slightly  yellowish,  unchanging ;  tubes 

small,  entire.  2.  T.  Galkinsii. 

Pileus    becoming    dark-sordid-bay    throughout    on 

drying;  tubes  3  to  a  mm.,  lacerate.  3.  T.  Smallii. 

Surface  of  pileus  sodden,  rough.  4.  T.  Spraguei. 

Pileus  small  to  medium,  rarely  exceeding  5  cm.  in  diameter. 
Pileus   resinous   or   cartilaginous    in    appearance;    tubes 

lacerate.  5.  T,  cerifluus. 

Pileus  neither  resinous  nor  cartilaginous. 

Surface  conspicuously  villose  or  tomentose. 

Pileus  more  or  less  bluish,  not  effused.  6.  T.  caesius. 

Pileus  not  bluish,  effused-reflexed.  7.  T.  semipilealus. 

Surface  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

Surface  pelliculose,  more  or  less  tinged  with  gray.        8.  T.  chioneus. 
Surface  white,  without  a  pellicle.  9.  T.  lacteus. 

i.    TYROMYCES  PALUSTRIS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  convex  above,  plane  or  concave  below, 
much  thicker  behind,  subimbricate,  fleshy-tough  to  rigid  and 
somewhat  friable  when  dry,  4-6  X  8-10  X  1-3  cm.;  surface 
smooth,  glabrous,  white  to  slightly  yellowish,  sometimes  rough 
and  tubercular  behind;  margin  thin  or  thick,  entire  or  undulate, 
white,  becoming  slightly  discolored;  context  1-2  cm.  thick, 
white,  fleshy-fibrous  when  fresh,  becoming  firm  and  somewhat 
friable  when  dry;  tubes  2-5  mm.  long,  white  to  slightly  yellowish 
within,  about  4  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  white  to  yellowish,  entire 
to  dentate. 

Occasional  on  pine  trunks  in  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  and 
Florida. 

2.    TYROMYCES  CALKINSII  Murrill 

Pileus  somewhat  imbricate,  dimidiate,  convex  above,  concave 
below,  cheesy  when  fresh,  rigid  when  dry,  3-5  X  6-8  X  1.5-2 
cm.;  surface  smooth,  glabrous,  azonate,  white  to  cremeous  or 
ochraceous-f ulvous ;  margin  thin  or  thick,  entire  or  undulate, 
easily  bruised,  fertile;  context  white,  fleshy  to  somewhat  friable, 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  13 

very  firm,  5-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  slender,  white  to  ochraceous 
within,  equaling  the  thickness  of  the  context,  mouths  regular, 
angular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  firm,  white  to  yellowish  and  finally 
avellaneous,  edges  thin,  entire  to  slightly  dentate;  spores  globose, 
5* 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Florida. 

3.    TYROMYCES  SMALLII  Murrill 

Pileus  compressed-ungulate,  with  a  large  umbo,  broadly 
sessile,  dimidiate,  fleshy-tough,  difficult  to  dry,  5-7  X  6-10 
X  2-5  cm.;  surface  very  smooth,  glabrous,  azonate,  white 
to  cremeous,  changing  to  sordid-bay  or  blackish  on  drying; 
context  fleshy-tough,  zonate,  watery,  moist  and  flexible  even  in 
dried  specimens,  dull-white  to  sordid-avellaneous,  tinged  with 
flesh-color,  0.5-2.5  cm.  thick;  tubes  5-8  mm.  long,  3  to  a  mm., 
rather  large  and  irregular  at  times  from  the  splitting  of  the  dis- 
sepiments, partially  collapsed,  somewhat  fragile,  dark-bay 
throughout  in  dried  specimens,  edges  thin,  lacerate,  fimbriate. 

Found  a  few  times  on  pine  trunks  in  Florida  and  Louisiana. 

4.  TYROMYCES  SPRAGUEI  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  subimbricate,  dimidiate  or  flabelliform,  broadly  sessile 
or  attenuate  behind,  convex,  fleshy-tough  and  watery  to  rigid 
and  fragile  when  dry,  4-7  X  5-10  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  at  first 
milk-white,  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  slightly  tuberculose, 
azonate,  sodden,  containing  depressions  filled  with  exuded  water, 
becoming  discolored  and  roughened  and  often  decaying,  espe- 
cially in  damp  weather,  with  a  strong  and  disagreeable  odor; 
margin  undulate  or  slightly  lobed,  acute,  usually  discolored, 
sometimes  smoky-black,  inflexed  when  dry ;  context  white,  zonate, 
cheesy  when  fresh,  rigid  and  somewhat  fragile  when  dry;  tubes 
small,  white  to  yellowish  within,  3-8  mm.  long,  mouths  some- 
what uneven,  angular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  white  to  yellowish, 
thin,  entire;  spores  ellipsoid,  6  X  4  /*. 

Occasional  on  dead  stumps  and  trunks  of  chestnut  and  oak 
in  North  Carolina  and  Alabama. 

5.  TYROMYCES  CERIFLUUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  narrowly  attached,  laterally  confluent, 
fleshy-tough  to  rigid,  thin,  1.5-2.5  X  2-5  X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface 
white  to  ochraceous,  latericeous  and  polished  in  spots,  radiate- 
rugose,  sulcate,  resinous-guttate,  floccose-tomentose ;  margin 
thin,  inflexed,  undulate,  easily  bruised;  context  very  thin,  white, 


14  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

fibrous,  fragile  when  dry,  less  than  I  mm.  thick;  hymenium 
uneven,  cribrose,  especially  behind;  tubes  slender,  white  to 
discolored,  2-3  mm.  long,  mouths  angular,  4  to  a  mm.,  white  to 
yellowish-discolored,  edges  thin,  fimbriate-dentate  to  sharply 
lacerate,  presenting  to  the  unaided  eye  the  appearance  of  a 
Hydnum;  spores  globose,  4  /x. 

Occasional  on  rotten  logs  in  swamps  in  South  Carolina. 

6.    TYROMYCES  CAESIUS  (Schrad.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  imbricate,  often  narrowly  attached,  with  a 
prominent  umbo,  variable  in  habit  and  size,  soft,  spongy  when 
fresh,  fragile  when  dry,  1-2  X  3-6  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  sod- 
den, tomentose  or  villose-tomentose,  azonate,  murinous  or 
griseous  when  fresh,  becoming  caesious  or  fading  to  nearly  pure- 
white  on  drying,  often  nearly  glabrous  with  age;  context  white, 
soft,  friable,  5-8  mm.  thick;  tubes  long  and  slender,  5-10  mm. 
long,  caesious  within,  collapsing,  friable,  mouths  angular,  3-4 
to  a  mm.,  edges  white  or  bluish-gray,  very  thin,  dentate  to  long 
and  sharply  lacerate;  spores  elongate,  5-5.5  X  1.5  p. 

Frequent  in  the  southern  Alleghanies  on  dead  wood  of  both 
deciduous  and  coniferous  trees. 

7.    TYROMYCES  SEMIPILEATUS  (Peck)  Murrill 

Pileus  effused,  largely  resupinate,  suborbicular  or  laterally 
elongate,  very  narrowly  reflexed,  the  reflexed  portion  o-i  X  2-5 
X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  white  or  pale-isabelline,  subvillose  or 
scabrous,  azonate;  margin  thin,  undulate,  sometimes  inflexed; 
context  white,  fleshy-tough  to  fragile,  2-4  mm.  thick;  tubes 
short,  slender,  white  to  yellowish  within,  mouths  minute,  circular 
to  slightly  angular,  scarcely  conspicuous,  7  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  very  even,  entire,  white  to  pallid,  often  bluish-discolored 
in  spots  or  blotches;  spores  subglobose,  6-8  /*. 

Frequent  throughout  on  fallen  dead  branches  of  deciduous 
trees. 

8.    TYROMYCES  CHIONEUS  (Fries)  P.  Karst. 

Pileus  imbricate,  sessile,  dimidiate,  convex,  2-4  X  3-6  X  I 
cm.;  surface  sodden,  grayish-cinereous  or  yellowish -white, 
azonate,  smooth,  pubescent  to  glabrous,  margin  acute  but  rather 
thick,  entire,  concolorous,  fertile;  context  sodden  and  watery 
when  fresh,  with  a  mild  flavor  and  acid  odor,  white,  homogeneous 
and  fragile  when  dry,  cutting  with  a  smooth  surface,  7-10  mm. 
thick;  tubes  shorter  than  the  thickness  of  the  context,  2-4  mm. 
long,  white  to  yellowish  within,  fragile,  mouths  even,  glistening, 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  15 

angular,  sinuous  at  times,  4  to  a  mm.,  white  to  ochraceous, 
edges  thin,  fimbriate-dentate ;  spores  cylindric,  curved,  4-5 
X  1-2  ju. 

Frequent  throughout  on  dead  branches  and  trunks  of  de- 
ciduous trees. 

9.    TYROMYCES  LACTEUS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  sessile,  decurrent,  convex,  very  soft,  fleshy, 
becoming  rigid  when  dry,  2-4  X  5-8  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface 
milk-white,  sometimes  slightly  discolored,  azonate,  finely  tomen- 
tose  or  pubescent  to  nearly  glabrous,  more  or  less  silky-striate ; 
margin  abruptly  thin,  inflexed,  undulate,  concolorous;  context 
spongy-fibrous,  very  fragile  when  dry,  5-10  mm.  thick,  milk- 
white,  zonate  at  times;  tubes  quite  long,  slender,  equaling  the 
thickness  of  the  context,  5-10  mm.,  milk-white  within,  mouths 
regular,  angular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  glistening,  becoming  lacerate 
and  somewhat  uneven,  edges  thin,  dentate  to  sharply  toothed, 
fragile,  white  to  slightly  yellowish ;  spores  allantoid,4~5  X  i-i  .5  /*• 

Frequent  throughout  on  dead  deciduous  and  coniferous  wood. 

6.    SPONGIPELLIS   Pat. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate,  simple  or 
imbricate,  rather  large;  surface  white,  anoderm,  sodden  and 
bibulous;  context  white,  duplex,  spongy  above,  firm  below; 
hymenium  concolorous,  tubes  thin-walled;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline. 

Tubes  white  or  slightly  discolored.  i.  S.  unicolor. 

Tubes  becoming  very  dark  colored.  2.  5.  fissilis. 

i.    SPONGIPELLIS  UNICOLOR  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  somewhat  imbricate,  large  and  spongy,  at  length 
indurate,  dimidiate,  often  ungulate,  5-7  X  10-15  X  3-5  cm.; 
surface  spongy-tomentose,  hirtose,  azonate,  smooth,  sordid- 
white  to  isabelline  or  fulvous;  margin  very  thick  and  rounded, 
sterile,  entire,  concolorous;  context  spongy-fibrous,  white,  in- 
durate with  age,  especially  below,  1-2  cm.  thick;  tubes  very 
long,  2-3  cm.,  white  to  isabelline  within,  mouths  large,  irregular, 
often  sinuous,  1-2  mm.  broad,  edges  thin,  fimbriate-dentate  to 
slightly  lacerate,  white  to  isabelline,  at  length  bay  and  resinous 
in  appearance;  spores  globose,  6-8  p. 

Rather  common  throughout  most  of  the  region  on  diseased 
living  trunks  of  oak,  maple,  and  a  few  other  deciduous  trees. 


1 6  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

2.     SPONGIPELLIS  FISSILIS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  subimbricate,  elongate  and 
decurrent  behind,  convex,  4-6  X  7-15  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  white 
to  isabelline,  at  length  discolored,  opaque,  somewhat  radiate- 
rugose,  finely  spongy-tomentose,  setose  or  fibrillose  to  sub- 
glabrous;  margin  rather  thin,  fertile,  undulate  to  lobed,  discolored 
and  inflexed  when  dry;  context  conspicuously  zonate,  fibrous, 
fissile,  watery  and  white  when  fresh,  rigid  and  hard,  with  an 
unpleasant  odor  on  drying,  5-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  3-8  mm. 
long,  white  to  isabelline,  at  length  resinous  and  bay  to  black, 
mouths  angular,  2  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  nearly  entire,  collapsing 
into  a  rigid  mass;  spores  ovoid,  5X3/1- 

Occasional  on  dead  or  decaying  deciduous  wood  from  North 
Carolina  to  Florida  and  Louisiana. 

7.     BJERKANDERA  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  anoderm,  glabrous, 
azonate,  corky;  context  white,  tough  or  woody,  not  friable  when 
dry;  tubes  thin- walled,  more  or  less  smoke-colored,  mouths 
polygonal ;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Hymenium  smoke-colored  when  young,  soon  becoming  black.  i.  B.  adusta. 

Hymenium  pallid  when  very  young,  becoming  more  or  less  blackish 

with  age.  2.  B.  fumosa. 

1.  BJERKANDERA  ADUSTA  (Willd.)  P.   Karst. 

Pileus  cespitose-imbricate,  decurrent,  sometimes  effused, 
conchate,  fleshy-tough  or  corky,  somewhat  flexible  when  dry, 
2-4  X  4-8  X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface  undulate,  indistinctly  zonate, 
especially  near  the  margin,  finely  tomentose  or  villose,  isabelline 
with  slightly  darker  markings;  margin  thin,  undulate,  sterile, 
pallid,  usually  becoming  black  as  though  scorched;  context 
fibrous-corky,  white,  1-3.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  i  mm.  or 
less  long,  smoky-white  to  blackish  within,  mouths  regular, 
angular,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  smoke-colored  and  pruinose  when  young, 
soon  becoming  grayish-black,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores  ellipsoid- 
allantoid,  3-5  X  i. 5-2.5  M. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  dead  deciduous  wood  and 
rarely  on  that  of  coniferous  trees. 

2.  BJERKANDERA  FUMOSA  (Pers.)  P.  Karst. 

Pileus  cespitose-imbricate,  fleshy-corky,  firm,  dimidiate,  con- 
chate, decurrent,  2-4  X  5-10  X  0.5-2  cm.;  surface  smooth, 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  17 

finely  tomentose,  pale-isabelline,  subzonate  at  times;  margin 
thin,  concolorous,  undulate,  easily  blackening,  usually  broadly 
sterile;  context  fibrous-corky,  somewhat  zonate,  white  to  pallid, 
5-15  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  2-3  mm.  long,  white  to  discolored 
within,  mouths  regular,  even,  circular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  whitish  to 
smoky-isabelline  and  finally  blackish  with  extreme  age,  edges 
thick,  entire;  spores  globose,  5-8  /*. 

Common  throughout  on  decayed  deciduous  wood  and  rarely 
on  coniferous  wood.  B.  puberula  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill  is  not 
sufficiently  distinct. 

8.     TRAMETES   Fries 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile;  surface  anoderm, 
white,  azonate;  context  white,  homogeneous,  coriaceous  to  soft- 
corky;  hymenium  concolorous,  rigid;  tubes  thin-walled,  mouths 
circular  to  irregular;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    TRAMETES  SUBNIVOSA  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate,  dimidiate,  laterally  connate,  very  rigid 
when  dry,  3-5  X  6-8  X  I  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose  to 
glabrous,  smooth,  opaque,  white  to  sordid-white,  azonate;  margin 
thin,  irregular,  undulate,  sterile,  pallid;  context  zonate,  white  to 
discolored,  fibrous-corky,  very  firm,  4-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  2-4 
mm.  long,  white  within,  mouths  regular,  nearly  even,  6  to  a  mm., 
edges  thin,  subentire,  white  to  isabelline  or  avellaneous,  glisten- 
ing, umbrinous  with  age. 

Occasional  on  dead  deciduous  wood  in  Florida,  Mississippi, 
and  Louisiana.  Also  found  on  living  water  oak  at  New  Orleans 
and  on  cypress  at  Eustis,  Florida. 

9.     RIGIDOPORUS   Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  at  times  reviving,  epixylous,  sessile, 
dimidiate  to  circular,  simple  or  imbricate;  surface  pelliculose, 
multizonate,  margin  thin,  incurved  when  dry;  context  thin, 
white,  fleshy-corky,  very  rigid  when  dry;  tubes  minute,  regular, 
light-colored,  mouths  usually  pruinose  when  young;  spores 
smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     RIGIDOPORUS  SURINAMENSIS  (Miq.)  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate-multiplex,  laterally  connate,  dimidiate  or 
reniform,  fleshy-corky,  convex  or  applanate,  2-3  X  2.5-5  X  0.3- 
0.6  cm.;  surface  smooth  or  rugulose,  pruinose  to  glabrous, 


1 8  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

isabelline  to  latericeous;  margin  acute,  thin,  inflexed,  entire  or 
undulate,  often  obtuse  with  age;  context  very  thin,  white, 
fibrous,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  white,  2-4  mm.  long,  slender, 
mouths  minute,  circular  to  angular,  regular,  even,  6  to  a  mm., 
edges  thin,  entire,  white  to  pallid,  becoming  discolored  with 
age ;  spores  globose,  3-4.5  M- 

Frequent  on  water-soaked  deciduous  trunks  in  the  warmer 
portions  of  the  Gulf  states. 

10.     PORODISCULUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  tough,  epixylous,  erumpent  from 
the  lenticels  of  dead  branches;  stipe  attached  to  the  vertex  of 
the  pileus,  usually  curved  at  maturity;  context  white,  fibrous; 
tubes  cylindric,  short,  one-layered,  mouths  constricted;  spores 
globose,  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     PORODISCULUS  PENDULUS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  small,  turbinate-cup-shaped,  attached  at  the 
vertex,  soon  decurved  and  pendant,  gregarious,  erumpent  from 
the  lenticels  of  dead  branches,  1-2  mm.  broad,  3-5  mm.  long; 
surface  anoderm,  azonate,  smooth,  umbrinous,  uniformly  covered 
with  a  brown  powder,  often  ashy-white  with  age;  margin  inflexed, 
concolorous,  sterile;  context  white,  fibrous,  very  thin;  tubes  very 
short,  annual,  white  within,  mouths  circular,  constricted,  white, 
pruinose,  becoming  concolorous,  6-7  to  a  mm.,  edges  entire; 
spores  globose,  4;*;  stipe  2  mm.  or  less  in  length,  vertically 
attached,  gradually  expanding  into  the  pileus,  which  it  resembles 
in  surface  and  context. 

Frequent  throughout  on  fallen  dead  twigs  of  various  deciduous 
trees  and  occasionally  on  red  cedar.  Common  in  some  localities 
on  dead  chestnut,  chestnut-oak,  and  sumac. 

ii.     HEXAGONA  Pollini 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  flabelliform  to  reni- 
form,  rarely  circular,  stipitate,  the  stipe  sometimes  much  reduced; 
surface  smooth  or  tessellate,  margin  thin;  context  thin,  white, 
fibrous,  fleshy  to  tough,  usually  fragile  when  dry;  hymenium  of 
radiating  rows  of  large,  thin-walled,  hexagonal  tubes,  usually 
radially  elongate;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Tubes  unequally  hexagonal,  the  radial  walls  longer. 

Pileus  reniform;  stipe  much  reduced.  I.  H.  alveolaris. 

Pileus  flabelliform ;  stipe  usually  quite  distinct.  2.  H.  daedalea* 

Tubes  equally  hexagonal.  3.  H.  cucullata. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  19 

1.  HEXAGONA  ALVEOLARIS  (DC.)  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform  to  circular,  convex-plane,  depressed  behind, 
3-4  X  5-7  X  0.2-0.5  cm.;  surface  at  first  fulvous,  strigose- 
squamose,  at  length  pallid  and  almost  glabrous;  margin  at  first 
thin,  entire,  incurved,  becoming  thicker  and  undulate  or  lobed; 
context  white,  opaque,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  decurrent,  white  to 
pallid,  2-4  mm.  long,  mouths  1-1.5  X  2-3  mm.,  edges  thin, 
rigid,  dentate;  spores  ellipsoid,  10-14  X  4~4-5  fJ-i  stipe  usually  a 
lateral  tubercle,  at  times  eccentric  or  central,  varying  in  length. 

Common  throughout  the  southern  Alleghanies  on  fallen 
branches  and  other  forms  of  dead  deciduous  wood. 

2.  HEXAGONA  DAEDALEA  (Link)  Murrill 

Pileus  spatulate-obovate  to  reniform,  applanate,  usually 
attenuate  behind,  4-8  X  2-6  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  white  when 
fresh,  radiate-striate,  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  hispid  behind, 
tessellate  near  the  margin,  which  is  thin,  often  pellucid,  undulate, 
at  times  fimbriate,  lobed  or  fissured  with  age;  context  fleshy, 
fragile  when  dry,  white,  often  partially  translucent;  tubes 
decurrent,  concolorous,  1-2  mm.  long,  4~6-angled,  mouths  very 
variable  in  size,  1-2.5  X  3-7  mm.,  smaller  near  the  margin, 
edges  thin,  but  apparently  firm,  at  length  splitting  into  irregular 
teeth;  spores  ellipsoid,  9-12  X  4~5  M;  stipe  lateral,  concolorous, 
hispid-tomentose,  0.5-1  cm.  long,  2-5  mm.  thick,  usually  dilated 
at  the  base. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  in  the  warmer  portions  of  the  Gulf 
states. 

3.    HEXAGONA  CUCULLATA  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform,  convex,  umbonate-sessile,  3-6  X  6-8  X  0.2 
cm.;  surface  glabrous,  often  radiate-striate,  cream-colored  to 
ochraceous,  plane  or  marked  with  two  or  three  broad  undu- 
lations from  center  to  margin,  which  is  thin,  entire,  irregularly 
undulate  or  lobed  and  deflexed  when  dry;  context  fleshy- tough, 
white,  0.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  ochraceous  to  dark-fulvous,  hexag- 
onal, not  radially  elongate,  very  variable  in  size,  1.5-3.5  nim. 
long,  1-3  mm.  wide,  edges  thin,  finely  denticulate;  spores  ellip- 
soid, 14  X  7  fj.;  stipe  a  mere  scutate  disk  nearly  a  centimeter  in 
breadth. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  the  southeastern  states. 


20  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

12.    MICROPORELLUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  thin,  annual,  epixylous,  usually  flabelliform, 
stipitate,  the  stipe  variously  attached  and  sometimes  much 
reduced;  surface  anoderm,  multizonate;  context  thin,  white, 
fibrous,  rigid  and  fragile  when  dry;  tubes  very  minute,  regular, 
thin-walled,  fragile  when  dry;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    MICROPORELLUS  DEALBATUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  slightly  flexible  but  easily  broken, 
flabelliform  or  spatulate,  conchate,  2-6  X  3-7  X  0.1-0.2  cm.; 
surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  hirtose  behind,  radiate- 
striate,  dealbate,  the  zones  often  light-fulvous;  margin  very 
thin,  sterile,  sericeous,  undulate  to  lobed  or  cleft,  inflexed  and 
often  splitting  when  dry;  tubes  white  to  isabelline  within, 
scarcely  a  mm.  in  length,  mouths  minute,  angular,  8-10  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  glistening,  whitish  when  young,  be- 
coming discolored;  stipe  variable,  often  wanting,  0-7  cm.  long, 
2-7  mm.  thick,  scutate  at  the  base,  expanding  into  the  pileus, 
laterally  attached,  rarely  eccentric,  usually  compressed,  with 
surface  and  substance  resembling  that  of  the  pileus. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  wood,  especially  on  buried  wood, 
and  ranging  northward  into  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  The 
form  described  as  P.  mutabilis  is  by  far  the  most  common,  and 
P.  dealbatus  appears  quite  different.  Further  study  of  the 
genus  is  desirable. 

13.     POLYPORUS   (Micheli)  Paulet 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  small  and  simple,  very  rarely 
large  and  compound;  stipe  central,  eccentric  or  lateral,  much 
reduced  at  times  in  a  few  species,  often  partly  or  wholly  brown 
or  black;  surface  usually  smooth,  the  margin  at  times  cilia te; 
context  white  or  yellowish,  fibrous,  tough  to  corky;  hymenium 
porose,  at  times  alveolate;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Stipe  pallid  or  light-brown,  centrally  attached,  not  darker 

than  the  pileus. 

Margin  of  pileus  devoid  of  cilia. 
Pileus  not  trumpet-shaped. 

Pileus  less  than  2  cm.  in  diameter,  ochraceous; 
tubes  2  to  a  mm.,  decurrent  to  the  base  of  the 
stipe.  i.  P.  delicatus. 

Pileus  more  than  2  cm.  in  diameter. 

Pileus  reniform,  irregular.  2.  P.  fractipes. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 


21 


Pileus  circular,  regular. 

Tubes  decurrent,  very  short,  entire;  pileus 
dark-purple,  ornamented  here  and  there 
with  paler  radiating  lines,  finely  tomen- 
tose,  becoming  glabrous.  3.  P.  dibaphus. 

Tubes  not  decidedly  decurrent,  denticulate 
when  mature;  pileus  yellowish  to  smoky- 
black,  villose,  at  length  glabrous.  4.  P.  Polyporus. 
Pileus  trumpet-shaped.  5.  P.  confusus. 
Margin  of  pileus  ornamented  with  cilia,  which  often  dis- 
appear with  age. 
Tubes  alveolar;  stipe  setulose  or  squamulose. 

Pileus  smooth,  pellucid,  fragile.  6.  P.  arculariellus. 

Pileus  fuscous-squamulose  to  glabrous,  opaque.  7.  P.  arcularius. 

Tubes  not  alveolar;  stipe  glabrous.  8.  P.  Tricholoma. 

Stipe  wholly  or  partly  black  or  fuliginous,  variously  attached, 

usually  darker  than  the  pileus. 
Pileus  squamose,  very  large,  flabellif orm ;  tubes  large, 

alveolar.  9.  P.  caudicinus. 

Pileus  glabrous;  tubes  punctiform. 

Stipe  ivory-black  below;  pileus  usually  ochraceous, 
scarcely  depressed,  margin  even,  not  becoming 
extremely  thin.  10.  P.  elegans. 

Stipe  smoky-black  below;  pileus  usually  chestnut- 
colored,  depressed  at  the  center  or  behind,  margin 
usually  very  thin  and  irregular.  n.  P.  fissus. 

1.  POLYPORUS  DELICATUS  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  circular,  irregular,  1.5  X  1.25  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface 
ochraceous,  very  smooth,  evenly  tomentose;  margin  thin,  acute, 
undulate,  inflexed;  context  pallid,  soft  and  elastic;  tubes  decur- 
rent to  the  base,  concolorous,  mouths  angular,  2  to  a  mm.,  pale- 
yellowish-orange  when  dry,  dissepiments  thin,  quite  collapsed  in 
the  single  type  specimen;  stipe  central,  short,  concolorous  above, 
hard,  black  and  radicate  below. 

One  small  specimen  is  at  Kew,  found  on  dead  wood  in  Ala- 
bama. It  has  the  appearance  of  P.  fractipes  above,  but  is 
firmer,  with  central  stipe  and  tubes  far  larger  and  different  in 
color. 

2.  POLYPORUS  FRACTIPES  Berk.  &  Curt.        * 

Pileus  reniform,  irregular,  about  5  cm.  broad;  surface  ochra- 
ceous, rugose,  tomentose,  hispid  in  some  places;  tubes  very 
small,  5  to  a  mm.;  stipe  irregularly  distorted,  adnate  behind  at 
times,  pulverulent,  2.5-4  cm-  long,  4-9  mm.  thick. 

Collected  a  few  times  in  South  Carolina  and  Louisiana.  Ac- 
cording to  some,  P.  humilis  Peck  is  not  distinct. 


22  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

3.     POLYPORUS  DIBAPHUS  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  circular,  regular,  convex,  2.5-3X0.05-0.1;  surface 
dark-purple,  finely  tomentose,  becoming  glabrous,  marked  here 
and  there  with  pale,  radiating  lines;  margin  thin,  acute,  entire, 
fertile;  context  white,  membranous;  tubes  decurrent,  ochraceous, 
very  short,  mouths  angular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  becoming 
dentate;  stipe  central,  slender,  even,  slightly  darker,  rough, 
pruinose  below,  3  cm.  long,  3  mm.  thick. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  Alabama. 

4.     POLYPORUS  POLYPORUS  (Retz.)  Murrill 

Pileus  circular,  convex  to  plane,  slightly  umbilicate  at  times, 
2-8  X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface  fuliginous,  more  rarely  yellowish- 
brown,  hispid-squamulose  to  minutely  hispid;  margin  at  first 
inflexed,  thin,  fimbriate,  often  becoming  wavy  or  lobed;  context 
milk-white,  membranous,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  adnate,  white  to 
pallid,  1-2  mm.  long,  mouths  circular,  regular,  2-3  to  a  mm., 
edges  at  first  thick,  becoming  thin  and  often  dentate  with  age; 
spores  cylindric,  subcurved,  7-8X2-3/1;  stipe  central,  solid, 
woody,  equal,  squamulose,  avellaneous,  not  black  at  the  base, 
2-3  cm.  long,  3-7  mm.  thick. 

Occasional  northward  on  fallen  decayed  wood  of  deciduous 
trees. 

5.     POLYPORUS  CONFUSUS  Mass.  Kew.  Bull.  1910:  250.     1910 

Pileus  coriaceous,  deeply  infundibuliform,  5-6  cm.  broad; 
surface  glabrous,  reddish-brown  or  gilvous;  tubes  short,  minute, 
unequal,  decurrent,  yellowish;  spores  cylindric-ellipsoid,  sub- 
arcuate  at  each  end,  hyaline,  12-14  X  4-5  ju;  stipe  central,  straight 
or  curved,  about  5  cm.  long. 

Described  from  specimens  collected  on  a  fallen  dead  log  near 
St.  Martinsville,  Louisiana,  by  Langlois  in  1889,  and  sent  by 
Ellis  to  Cooke  for  determination,  who  said  it  was  perhaps  P. 
craterellus  Berk.  &  Curt,  or  near  it. 

6.     POLYPORUS  ARCULARIELLUS  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  circular,  umbilicate,  2  X  o.i  cm.;  surface 
smooth,  orange-yellow  to  brown  in  the  type  specimen;  margin 
thin,  somewhat  irregular,  beautifully  ciliate;  context  pallid, 
membranous,  translucent;  tubes  ochraceous  when  dry,  vefy 
short,  mouths  large,  angular,  oblong,  2  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin; 
stipe  central,  thicker  below,  setulose,  darker  than  the  pileus, 
2  cm.  long,  2  mm.  thick. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  23 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  North  Carolina.  It  is  very 
near  P.  arcularius. 

7.     POLYPORUS  ARCULARIUS  (Batsch)  Fries 

Pileus  circular,  convex,  umbilicate,  1-2.5  X  0.1-0.2  cm.; 
surface  azonate,  concentrically  rugose  when  dry,  fuscous- 
squamulose  to  fulvous  and  nearly  glabrous ;  margin  acute,  ciliate- 
dentate,  straight,  inflexed  on  drying;  context  white,  membranous; 
tubes  slightly  decurrent,  rather  firm,  white  to  brownish,  1-2 
mm.  long,  mouths  large,  oblong-rhomboid,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  elongate,  denticulate;  spores  cylindric,  pointed  at  the  ends, 
2-guttulate,  copious,  7-8  X  1.5-2.5 /x;  stipe  central,  slender, 
even,  fuscous-gray  to  fulvous,  subsquamulose  to  glabrous  above, 
hispid-tomentose  at  the  base,  2-4  cm.  long,  2-3  mm.  thick. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  branches  and  trunks  of  various 
trees.  P.  arculariformis  Murrill  may  be  a  depauperate  form  of 
this  species. 

8.     POLYPORUS  TRICHOLOMA  Mont. 

Pileus  circular,  convex  to  infundibuliform,  usually  cespitose, 
1.5-4  X  0.05-0.2  cm.;  surface  white  or  pallid  to  ochraceous  or 
reddish-brown,  azonate,  fibrillose  to  glabrous;  margin  straight 
or  inflexed,  conspicuously  ornamented  with  rigid  hairs,  or  cilia, 

2  mm.  long  and  of  uncertain  duration;  context  pallid,  membra- 
nous, tough;  tubes  slightly  decurrent,  white  to  pallid,  0.5-1  mm. 
long,  mouths  angular,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  dentate,  elongate; 
spores  ellipsoid,  2-2.5  X  6-7  n;  stipe  central,  equal,  glabrous, 
concolorous,  very  slender,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  1-1.5  mm.  thick. 

Frequent  near  Austin,  Texas,  on  dead  sticks  and  logs  in  woods. 

9.     POLYPORUS  CAUDICINUS  (Scop.)  Murrill 

Hymenophore  of  immense  size,  reaching  50  cm.  in  breadth  and 

3  cm.  in  thickness,  usually  found  in  imbricate  masses  projecting 
from  the  trunks  of  living  trees;  pileus  subcircular  and  umbili- 
cate when  young,  soon  becoming  flabelliform  and  explanate; 
surface  ochraceous  to  fulvous,  covered  with  broad,  appressed, 
darker  scales,  which  are  very  close  together  in  young  specimens; 
margin  involute,  thin,  entire;  context  fleshy-tough,  juicy,  milk- 
white,  very  thick,  odor  strong;  tubes  decurrent,  white  or  pale- 
yellowish,  very  short,  mouths  large,  alveolar,  I  mm.  or  more 
in  diameter,  edges  thin  at  maturity,  toothed  at  an  early  age, 
becoming  lacerate ;  spores  broadly  ovoid,  12  X  5  Ml  stipe  eccentric 


24  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

to  lateral,  obese,  reticulate  above,  clothed  at  the  base  with  short, 
dark-brown  or  black,  velvety  tomentum,  often  reduced,  variable 
in  length. 

Occasional  northward  on  decayed  trunks  of  various  deciduous 
trees,  appearing  in  the  spring.  This  fungus  is  one  of  the  worst 
enemies  of  shade  trees  in  Europe,  but  it  is  fortunately  too  rare 
as  yet  in  this  country  to  be  dangerous. 

10.     POLYPORUS  ELEGANS  (Bull.)  Fries 

Pileus  flabelliform  to  subcircular,  scarcely  depressed  behind, 
convex  or  nearly  plane,  2-6  X  3-10  X  0.2-1  cm.;  surface  dis- 
tinctly radiate-stria te,  pruinose  when  young,  becoming  glabrous 
and  pale-ochraceous  at  maturity;  margin  thin,  at  first  inflexed, 
often  becoming  wavy  or  much  lobed  and  folded  with  age,  not 
ciliate;  context  white  or  pallid,  corky,  1-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  pale- 
avellaneous,  1-3  mm.  long,  cylindric,  mouths  angular  to  sub- 
circular,  entire,  at  first  white,  glistening,  pale-umbrinous  with 
age,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire ;  spores  oblong,J7-8  X  3-3.5  M I 
stipe  eccentric  or  lateral,  rarely  central,  woody,  smooth,  pallid 
above,  abruptly  black  and  scutate  below,  1-4  cm.  long,  2-5  mm. 
thick. 

Occasional  in  the  southern  Appalachians  on  fallen  branches 
and  trunks  of  deciduous  trees. 

ii.     POLYPORUS  FISSUS  Berk. 

Pileus  flabelliform  to  subcircular,  often  depressed  at  the  disk 
or  behind,  convex,  very  variable  in  size,  5-15  X  7-20  X  0.3-1 
cm. ;  surface  glabrous,  minutely  radiate-striate,  bay  or  fuliginous, 
rugose  on  the  disk;  margin  thin,  fertile,  wavy  or  lobed,  often 
splitting  with  age;  context  corky,  pallid,  2-8  mm.  thick;  tubes 
white  to  yellowish-brown,  decurrent,  2  mm.  long,  cylindric, 
slender,  mouths  subcircular,  very  minute,  6-7  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  entire,  becoming  elongate  with  age;  stipe  eccentric,  varying 
to  central  or  lateral,  usually  tapering  above,  fuliginous  to  nearly 
black,  pruinose,  rugose,  2-6  cm.  long,  0.5-2  cm.  thick. 

Frequent  in  the  southern  Appalachians  on  fallen  dead  wood  of 
deciduous  trees. 

14.    ABORTIPORUS   Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  tough,  humus-loving;  stipe  normally 
central,  often  obsolete;  context  yellowish-white,  duplex,  spongy 
above,  woody  below,  tubes  thin-walled,  mouths  polygonal; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  25 

i.     ABORTIPORUS  DISTORTUS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  normally  thin,  plane  or  depressed,  circular  and  centrally 
stipitate  when  properly  developed,  but  often  aborted  and  very 
irregular,  varying  to  entirely  resupinate  forms,  6-13  cm.  in 
diameter,  0.3-1  cm.  thick;  surface  conspicuously  and  compactly 
tomentose,  anoderm,  azonate,  smooth,  white  to  alutaceous; 
margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed,  concolorous;  context  soft  and 
spongy  above,  hard  and  woody  below,  white  or  isabelline,  3-5 
mm.  thick;  tubes  annual,  decurrent,  white,  1-5  mm.  long,  mouths 
irregular,  variable,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire  to  dentate; 
spores  subglobose,  5-7  p.  long;  stipe  central,  unequal,  very  vari- 
able, often  obsolete,  resembling  the  pileus  in  surface  and  context. 

Frequent  throughout  about  stumps  and  buried  wood  of 
deciduous  trees. 

15.     SCUTIGER   Paulet 

Hymenophore  simple,  terrestrial,  annual,  mesopous,  usually 
bright-colored;  surface  anoderm,  variously  decorated;  context 
white,  rarely  colored,  fleshy  to  tough,  rigid  and  fragile  when 
dry ;  hymenium  porose,  white  or  colored,  tubes  thin-walled ;  spores 
smooth  or  rarely  echinulate,  hyaline. 

Surface  of  pileus  squamose. 

Pileus  yellow.  I.  5.  Ellisii. 

Pileus  brown.  2.  S.  retipes. 
Surface  of  pileus  glabrous  or  tomentose. 

Pileus  yellow  to  red.  3.  S.  laeticolor. 

Pileus  blue  when  fresh,  changing  to  brown  on  drying.  4.  5.  caeruleoporus. 

Pileus  gray;  stipe  gray.  5.  5.  griseus. 

Pileus  brown;  stipe  dark-purple.  6.  S.  persicinus. 

i.     SCUTIGER  ELLISII  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform,  convex,  cespitose,  12-15  cm-  broad,  1-2  cm, 
thick;  surface  sulfur-yellow  with  a  greenish  tint,  very  rough, 
with  broad,  floccose,  imbricate  scales;  margin  thick,  con- 
colorous, inflexed;  context  white  or  slightly  yellowish,  fleshy, 
firm,  rather  hard  when  dry,  with  a  strong  unpleasant  odor  when 
fresh,  I  cm.  or  more  thick;  tubes  subdecurrent,  3-5  mm.  long, 
mouths  large,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  irregular,  angular,  edges  thin,  white 
to  yellowish,  changing  to  greenish  where  wounded;  spores  ovoid, 
smooth,  9  X  6  n;  stipe  lateral  or  eccentric,  slightly  flattened, 
irregularly  roughened,  solid,  subreticulate,  dark-yellow,  hard 
and  corky  within,  7-8  cm.  long,  4-5  cm.  thick. 

Found  rarely  on  clayey  soil  in  low  woods  in  South  Carolina 
and  Alabama. 


26  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

2.     SCUTIGER  RETIPES  (Underw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform  to  circular,  convex,  6-15  cm.  broad,  1-2.5 
cm.  thick;  surface  umbrinous  to  fuliginous,  appressed  tomen- 
tose,  finely  areolate-rimose,  appearing  papillate  when  dry; 
margin  acute,  concolorous,  inflexed  when  dry;  context  fleshy, 
white,  2  cm.  thick  when  fresh,  becoming  quite  thin  on  drying; 
tubes  decurrent  half  the  length  of  the  stipe,  large,  shallow,  1-2 
mm.  broad,  mostly  hexagonal,  edges  thin,  whitish,  finely  lacerate; 
stipe  eccentric,  yellowish-white  toward  the  base,  white  and 
fleshy  within,  4-6  cm.  long,  2  cm.  or  more  thick. 

Occasional  on  the  ground  in  pine  woods  in  North  Carolina 
and  Alabama. 

3.    SCUTIGER  LAETICOLOR  Murrill 

Pileus  circular  in  outline,  often  irregular,  convex,  depressed 
at  the  center,  10-20  cm.  broad,  about  I  cm.  thick;  surface 
smooth,  becoming  glabrous,  pale-dingy-yellow  when  fresh, 
brick-colored  to  purplish-red  in  old  dried  plants;  margin  acute, 
inflexed  at  first,  irregularly  undulate;  context  fleshy-tough, 
homogeneous,  pale-rose-colored,  5-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  decur- 
rent, white,  becoming  dark-orange  within  and  without,  1-2  mm. 
long,  mouths  subcircular  or  angular,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
fimbriate;  spores  ovoid,  copious,  5-6  X  4/*;  stipe  short,  thick, 
increasing  upward,  central  or  eccentric,  2-3  cm.  long,  1-3  cm. 
thick,  resembling  the  pileus  in  color,  but  solid,  firm  and  tough, 
with  darker  flesh. 

Occasional  on  the  ground  in  woods  in  South  Carolina  and 
Alabama. 

4.    SCUTIGER  CAERULEOPORUS  (Peck)  Murrill 

Pilei  gregarious  or  cespitose;  pileus  broadly  convex,  circular 
in  outline,  2.5-5  X  0.7-1  cm.;  surface  subtomentose,  hygro- 
phanous  when  fresh,  isabelline  to  fulvous;  context  fleshy,  fragile, 
white,  becoming  yellowish-white  when  dry;  tubes  decurrent, 
short,  3-5  mm.  long,  grayish-blue  when  fresh,  becoming  lateri- 
ceous  within  in  dried  specimens,  mouths  angular,  irregular, 
2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  uneven,  toothed,  grayish-blue  when 
fresh,  becoming  bay  in  dried  specimens;  stipe  central  or  eccentric, 
solid,  concolorous  or  tinged  with  the  color  of  the  pores,  4-5  cm. 
long,  about  5  mm.  thick. 

Occasional  on  the  ground  in  woods  in  western  North  Carolina. 
Scutiger  holocyaneus  (Atk.)  Murrill  is  not  distinct. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  27 

5.     SCUTIGER  GRISEUS  (Peck)  Murrill 

Pileus  circular,  often  irregular,  convex,  7-12  cm.  broad,  I  cnu 
or  less  thick;  surface  glabrous  or  minutely  tomentose,  cinereous, 
slightly  darker  towards  the  center;  margin  thin,  concolorous, 
often  incurved  on  drying,  irregular,  undulate  to  lobed;  context 
soft-fleshy,  rosy-gray,  about  5  mm.  thick;  tubes  slightly  decur- 
rent,  1-2  mm.  long,  whitish-stuffed  when  young,  white  to  pale- 
umbrinous  within,  mouths  subangular,  unequal,  2-4  to  a  mm., 
edges  thin,  entire  to  fimbriate,  lacerate  with  age,  white  when 
young,  becoming  gray  or  umbrinous;  spores  subglobose,  echinu- 
late,  5-6  X  4.5-5/4;  stipe  central,  thick,  short,  bulbous  at  the 
base,  with  surface  and  substance  resembling  that  of  the  pileus 
but  darker  in  color,  4-5  cm.  long,  1-1.5  cm-  thick. 

Occasional  on  the  ground  in  woods  in  Alabama. 

6.     SCUTIGER  PERSICINUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pilei  confluent;  pileus  soft,  slightly  elastic,  pulvinate,  often 
oblique,  very  thick,  somewhat  depressed,  10-25  cm.  broad, 
1-2  cm.  thick;  surface  fulvous-brown,  becoming  purple  at  times, 
short-tomentose;  margin  lobed  or  undulate,  very  obtuse;  context 
white,  with  black  lines  marking  the  seasons  of  growth  in  dried 
specimens,  watery-spongy,  reddish,  dark-purple  in  the  cuticle 
in  fresh  specimens,  fading  to  pale-lavender;  tubes  decurrent, 
white  when  fresh,  brownish-black  in  dried  specimens,  2-3  mm. 
long,  mouths  angular,  2  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  lacerate;  stipe 
central,  thick,  conic,  dark-purple,  5  cm.  long,  4-8  cm.  thick. 

Described  from  specimens  collected  by  Ravenel  at  the  base 
of  trunks  in  pine  woods  in  South  Carolina.  The  remains  of  the 
types  at  Kew  do  not  seem  to  fit  the  description.  Splendid 
specimens  recently  collected  at  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina, 
by  Mr.  Totten  and  sent  to  me  by  Prof.  Coker  are  described  as 
"cespitose  in  pine  woods,  reaching  14  cm.  broad,  pale-orange- 
yellow  to  cinnamon-buff;  context  soft  and  spongy,  white  to  pale- 
yellow,  with  pleasant  taste  and  acid  odor;  tubes  small,  extremely 
shallow,  only  I  mm.  long,  decurrent,  white,  changing  to  pale- 
yellow;  spores  ellipsoid,  hyaline,  4-4.5  X  2.5-4/4;  stipe  whitish 
to  buff,  about  6  cm.  long  and  3  cm.  thick."  These  specimens 
have  assumed  purplish  tints  in  drying. 

1 6.     GRIFOLA  (Micheli)  S.  F.  Gray 

Hymenophore  large,  annual,  stipitate,  compound,  intricately 
branched  or  lobed,  humus-loving  or  epixylous,  rarely  terrestrial, 


28  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

usually  found  at  the  base  of  a  tree-trunk;  surface  smooth, 
pallid  to  gray  or  brown;  context  white,  fleshy  or  fleshy-tough, 
rigid  and  fragile  when  dry;  tubes  large,  irregular,  thin- walled, 
becoming  friable  or  laciniate  with  age;  spores  hyaline,  smooth 
or  rarely  verrucose. 

Hymenium  ochraceous,  becoming  dirty-yellow  with  age;  plants 
terrestrial,   irregularly   confluent,   olivaceous   to   greenish- 
yellow,  i.  G.  ftavovirens. 
Hymenium  at  first  fuliginous,  becoming  paler.                                2.  G.  Sumstinei. 
Hymenium  white  or  pallid  from  the  first. 

Surface  of  pileus  gray  or  grayish-brown  to  coffee-colored; 
stipe  intricately  branched;  pileoli  very  numerous  and 
small.  3.  G.  frondosa. 

Surface  of  pileus  pallid  or  alutaceous;  stipe  not  intricately 
branched,  lobes  usually  few  in  number  and  compara- 
tively large.  4.  G.  Berkeleyi. 

I.    GRIFOLA  FLAVOVIRENS  (Berk.  &  Rav.)  Murrill 

Pileus  at  first  simple  and  centrally  stipitate,  becoming  imbri- 
cate-multiplex  when  fully  developed,  8-20  cm.  in  diameter; 
pileoli  soft,  fleshy,  fragile  when  dry,  circular  to  flabelliform, 
pulvinate  or  depressed  to  applanate,  5-10  cm.  broad,  5-8  mm. 
thick;  surface  sordid-yellow,  with  yellowish-green  zones,  be- 
coming dull-yellowish-green,  finely  tomentose  to  subglabrous; 
margin  irregular,  undulate  to  lobed,  concolorous;  context  fleshy, 
very  fragile  when  dry,  2-4  mm.  thick,  white  to  yellowish;  tubes 
very  decurrent,  yellow  to  yellowish-green,  3-5  mm.  long,  mouths 
irregular,  circular  to  sinuous,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  at  first  milk-white, 
becoming  dirty-yellow,  edges  thin,  fragile,  lacerate  with  age; 
spores  subglobose,  smooth,  3-4.5  M;  stipe  central  or  eccentric, 
pallid,  3-6  cm.  long,  1-1.5  cm.  thick,  becoming  tubercular  and 
connate-ramose  at  maturity. 

Frequent  on  the  ground  in  woods  throughout.  Very  near 
P.  cristatus  of  Europe.  Grifola  poripes  (Fries)  Murrill  is  distinct 
and  doubtful. 

2.    GRIFOLA  SUMSTINEI  Murrill 

A  very  large  plant  resembling  G.  frondosa  in  habit  and  general 
appearance,  but  with  fewer  and  broader  pileoli,  darker  surface, 
and  darker  hymenium.  Pileus  imbricate-multiplex,  20  X  30 
cm. ;  pileoli  flabelliform  to  spatulate,  6-8  X  6-8  X  0.3-0.5  cm. ; 
surface  radiate-rugose,  finely  tomentose,  light-  to  dark-brown; 
margin  very  thin,  fissured  and  strongly  inflexed  when  dry;  con- 
text white,  fibrous,  fleshy-tough  to  almost  leathery,  0.3  cm. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  29 

thick;  tubes  0.2  cm.  long,  7  to  a  mm.,  at  first  fuliginous,  becoming 
pallid  at  maturity,  polygonal,  irregular,  edges  very  thin  and 
fragile,  becoming  lacerate;  spores  globose,  smooth,  copious, 
5  n ;  stipe  tubercular,  woody,  blackish  below,  connate-ramose, 
lighter-colored,  passing  insensibly  into  the  pileoli  above. 

Occasional  about  old  stumps  and  trunks  of  deciduous  trees 
in  Louisiana.  P.  giganteus  of  Europe  is  very  similar  in  appear- 
ance. 

3.    GRIFOLA  FRONDOSA  (Dicks.)  S.  F.  Gray 

Pileus  imbricate-multiplex,  15-40  cm.  in  diameter;  pileoli  very 
numerous,  branching  from  a  common  trunk,  imbricate  or  con- 
fluent, variable  in  size  and  shape,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  1.5-6 
cm.  broad;  surface  smoky -gray,  fibrillose,  radiate-striate;  margin 
thin,  undulate  or  lobed,  strongly  inflexed  when  dry;  context 
white,  very  thin,  tough,  fragile,  having  the  odor  of  mice;  tubes 
white,  2-3  mm.  long,  mouths  circular  and  regular  when  young, 
3  to  a  mm.,  often  large  and  angular  with  age,  edges  white,  thin, 
entire  to  lacerate;  spores  subglobose  to  ellipsoid,  smooth,  hyaline; 
stipe  tubercular,  white,  connate-ramose. 

Occasional  in  the  southern  Appalachians  at  the  base  of  oak 
trees,  causing  serious  decay.  Edible  when  young. 

4.    GRIFOLA  BERKELEYI  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate-multiplex,  15-50  cm.  broad,  10-20  cm.  high; 
pileoli  very  broad,  applanate  to  infundibuliform,  thin,  5-15  cm. 
broad,  5-15  mm.  thick;  surface  white  to  obscurely  alutaceous, 
subtomentose,  rugose-undulate;  margin  acute,  undulate  to 
lobed,  sterile,  often  inflexed;  context  white,  tough,  fragile  when 
dry,  homogeneous,  milky  in  young  plants,  5-10  mm.  thick; 
tubes  decurrent,  white,  unequal,  2-5  mm.  long,  mouths  angular, 
about  I  mm.  broad,  edges  soft,  white,  entire,  very  fragile  when 
dry;  spores  globose,  roughly  echinulate,  6-8  ju;  stipe  short, 
tubercular,  5-10  cm.  thick. 

Occasional  northward  at  the  base  of  oak  trees,  causing  serious 
decay. 

17.     PYCNOPORUS  P.   Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  sometimes  reviving,  epixylous,  sessile, 
dimidiate,  simple  or  imbricate,  rarely  pseudo-stipitate ;  surface 
anoderm,  slightly  pelliculose  at  times,  zonate  or  azonate,  bright- 
er dull-red;  context  red,  soft-corky  to  punky;  hymenium  con- 
colorous,  tubes  small,  firm,  thin-walled;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline. 


30  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

Pileus  thick,  smooth,  opaque;  plant  abundant  in  temperate 

regions.  I.  P.  cinnabar inus. 
Pileus  thin,  often  zonate,  brilliant-red;  plant  abundant  in 

the  tropics.  2.  P.  sanguineus. 

i.    PYCNOPORUS  CINNABARINUS  (Jacq.)  P.  Karst. 

Pileus  convex-plane,  dimidiate,  laterally  extended,  reviving 
the  second  season,  4-6  X  5-10  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  azonate, 
rugulose,  pruinose  to  tomentose,  at  length  glabrous,  the  color 
changing  from  light-orange  to  cinnabar- red,  often  fading  with 
age;  margin  acute,  except  in  large  plants,  faintly  zonate;  context 
floccose,  elastic,  zonate,  reddish;  tubes  nearly  equaling  the 
context,  firm,  miniatous  within,  the  mouths  small,  2-3  to  a  mm., 
regular,  coccineous,  dissepiments  rather  thin,  entire;  spores 
6-8  X  2-3  /*. 

Frequent  in  the  southern  Appalachians  on  dead  wood  of 
various  deciduous  trees. 

2.     PYCNOPORUS  SANGUINEUS  (L.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  sessile  or  spuriously  stipitate,  dimidiate, 
conchate  or  reniform,  imbricate,  laterally  connate  at  times, 
3-5  X  4-8  X  0.4-0.6  cm.;  surface  zonate,  finely  tomentose  to 
glabrous,  bright-red,  often  variegated  with  yellowish-red  zones, 
fading  to  pure- white  in  old  specimens  exposed  to  the  sun ;  margin 
acute,  finely  tomentose,  yel  lo  wish -red ;  context  floccose,  elastic, 
yellowish-red,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual,  very  short,  bright- 
reddish-miniatous,  scarcely  a  mm.  long,  mouths  circular  to 
angular,  regular,  minute,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  firm,  entire, 
concolorous  with  the  interior;  spores  oblong,  3-4  X  1-2  p. 

Frequent  in  most  of  the  southern  states,  especially  along  the 
coast  and  in  the  warmer  portions,  growing  on  any  kind  of  dead 
wood. 

18.    AURANTIPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate; 
surface  anoderm,  sodden,  bibulous,  reddish-orange,  soon  fading; 
context  reddish-yellow,  fleshy-tough  to  woody,  juicy  when 
fresh,  rigid  when  dry,  conspicuously  zonate;  tubes  small,  slender, 
thin-walled,  brilliant-orange  when  fresh,  becoming  dark,  resinous, 
and  fragile  on  drying;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    AURANTIPORUS  PILOTAE  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  sessile,  often  subradicate,  dimidiate,  convex,  8-20 
X  10-40  X  1-3  cm.;  surface  rugose,  sodden,  velvety  with  short 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  31 

hairs,  ochraceous  or  reddish-orange,  soon  fading,  brownish 
behind;  margin  ochraceous,  sterile,  tumid,  becoming  thinner  at 
maturity;  context  melleous,  tough,  watery,  elastic,  rigid  when 
dry,  conspicuously  marked  with  sordid  zones,  odor  strong  but 
not  characteristic;  tubes  5-10  mm.  long,  luteous-orange  to 
bright-orange  when  fresh,  becoming  dark  and  resinous  on  drying, 
the  mouths  small,  regular,  concolorous,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  dissepi- 
ments thin,  minutely  fimbriate;  spores  3-4  X  2-3  p. 

Frequent  in  North  Carolina  on  much-decayed  oak  and  chest- 
nut logs.  Probably  not  distinct  from  P.  croceus  Pers.  of  Europe. 

19.  LAETIPORUS   Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  fleshy,  anoderm,  cespitose- 
multiplex;  context  cheesy  to  fragile,  light-colored;  tubes  thin- 
walled,  fragile,  bright-yellow,  mouths  irregularly  polygonal; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    LAETIPORUS  SPECIOSUS  (Batt.)  Murrill 

Hymenophore  cespitose-multiplex,  30-60  cm.  broad;  pileus 
cheesy,  not  becoming  rigid,  reniform,  very  broad,  more  or  less 
stipitate,  5-15  X  7-20  X  0.5—1  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose  to 
glabrous,  rugose,  anoderm,  subzonate  at  times,  varying  from 
lemon-yellow  to  orange,  fading  out  with  age;  margin  thin,  fer- 
tile, concolorous,  subzonate,  finely  tomentose,  undulate,  rarely 
lobed ;  context  cheesy,  very  fragile  when  dry,  yellow  when  fresh, 
usually  white  in  dried  specimens,  3-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual, 
2-3  mm.  long,  sulfur-yellow  within,  mouths  minute,  angular, 
somewhat  irregular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  very  thin,  lacerate, 
sulfur-yellow,  the  color  fairly  permanent  in  dried  specimens; 
spores  ovoid,  smooth  or  finely  papillate,  6-8  X  3-5  ju. 

Common  throughout  on  living  trunks  of  all  our  deciduous 
and  evergreen  trees,  causing  a  very  serious  heart-rot.  It  is  one 
of  the  best  edible  fungi. 

20.  CERRENELLA  Murrill 

Hymenophore  thin,  effused-reflexed,  annual,  epixylous;  surface 
brown,  zonate,  anoderm,  margin  thin;  context  thin,  coriaceous, 
brown;  hymenium  at  first  poroid,  very  soon  becoming  irpiciform, 
the  teeth  irregular  and  compressed;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Hymenium  ferruginous,  unchanging.  I.  C.  Ravenelii, 

Hymenium  olivaceous,  becoming  cinereous.  2.  C.  farinacea. 


32  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

1.  CERRENELLA  RAVENELII  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  effused-reflexed,  the  reflexed 
portion  dimidiate,  imbricate,  connate,  o-i  X  1-3  X  o.i  cm.; 
surface  tomentose  to  finely  hirsute,  finely  concentrically  striate, 
fulvous-chestnut  to  avellaneous;  margin  very  thin,  undulate  to 
lobed,  deflexed  in  dried  specimens;  context  papery  thin,  con- 
colorous;  tubes  short,  irregular,  less  than  I  mm.  in  length,  1-2 
to  a  mm.,  teeth  ferruginous,  compressed,  obtuse,  somewhat 
seriate,  irregular  in  size  and  shape,  pulverulent  at  first;  spores 
globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  6-7  jw. 

Frequent  throughout  on  decaying  branches  of  oak  and  other 
deciduous  trees. 

2.  CERRENELLA  FARINACEA  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  soft,  flexible,  coriaceous,  entirely  resupinate 
or  effused-reflexed,  the  reflexed  portion  dimidiate,  imbricate, 
laterally  connate,  o-i  X  1-5  X  o.i  cm.;  surface  finely  con- 
centrically striate,  tomentose,  umbrinous-chestnut ;  margin  very 
thin,  undulate  to  lobed,  sterile;  context  membranous,  concolor- 
ous,  papery- thin;  tubes  short,  I  mm.  or  less,  irregular,  2-3  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  fimbriate  to  lacerate,  dentate,  separated  at  a 
very  young  stage  forming  an  irpiciform  hymenium,  yellowish- 
green  to  olive  and  finally  cinereous  and  farinaceous;  spores 
6-7  X  2.5  M. 

Frequent  throughout  on  decaying  branches  of  oak  and  other 
hardwood  trees. 

21.     CORIOLOPSIS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  thin,  flexible  or  rigid,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile, 
dimidiate,  often  largely  resupinate;  surface  light-brown  to  bay- 
black,  zonate,  anoderm,  rarely  encrusted  with  age,  hairy;  margin 
thin;  context  thin,  coriaceous  to  woody,  isabelline  to  purplish- 
umbrinous,  rarely  almost  white;  hymenium  concolorous;  tubes 
small,  regular,  thin-walled,  entire;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    CORIOLOPSIS  RIGIDA  (Berk.  &  Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible  to  rigid,  effused-reflexed, 
imbricate,  laterally  connate,  the  reflexed  portion  flabelliform, 
applanate  or  conchate,  0.5-3  X  3-6  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface 
spuriously  zoned,  sometimes  zonate  behind,  concentrically  fur- 
rowed at  times,  hirsute  to  hispid,  nearly  white  to  isabelline; 
margin  very  thin,  pallid,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  pallid  to 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  33 

isabelline,  membranous;  tubes  very  short,  grayish-isabelline 
within,  mouths  fairly  regular,  circular  to  slightly  angular,  3-4 
to  a  mm.,  edges  white  to  grayish-white  and  finally  isabelline, 
rather  thick  at  first,  becoming  thin,  entire  and  slightly  uneven. 
Frequent  on  dead  wood  throughout. 

22.     FUNALIA  Pat. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate,  often  semi- 
resupinate;  surface  anoderm,  hairy  to  aculeate;  context  light- 
brown,  more  or  less  duplex,  spongy  above,  coriaceous  to  woody 
below;  tubes  usually  large,  thin-walled,  more  or  less  lacerate; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Context  very  thin,  1-2  mm. 

Surface   villose,   with   simple   hairs;    hymenium   pale-rose- 
tinted  when  fresh.  I.  F.  versatilis. 
Surface  strigose,  with  branched  hairs;  hymenium  pallid  to 

brown.  2.  F.  cladotricha. 

Context  usually  3-15  mm.  thick;  surface  villose  or  hirsute.  3.  F.  stuppea. 

i.     FUNALIA  VERSATILIS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  effused-reflexed,  imbricate,  laterally  connate,  coriaceous, 
the  reflexed  portion  2-3  X  3-6  X  0.3-0.8  cm.;  surface  villose, 
spuriously  and  opaquely  zoned,  grayish -white,  becoming  um- 
brinous  to  ferruginous  behind  with  age;  margin  thin,  acute, 
concolorous,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  pallid,  very  thin,  mem- 
branous, fibrous,  scarcely  a  mm.  thick;  tubes  slender,  5-7  mm. 
long,  isabelline  within,  mouths  very  variable  in  size  and  shape, 
0.5-2  mm.  broad,  circular  to  angular  or  slightly  daedaleoid, 
edges  thin,  entire  to  toothed,  grayish-isabelline,  pale-rose-tinted 
when  fresh;  spores  oblong-allantoid,  6-8  X  2-4  ju. 

Frequent  on  dead  deciduous  and  coniferous  wood  in  Florida 
and  Louisiana.  Funalia  villosa  (Sw.)  Murrill  is  not  distinct. 
Boletus  villosus  Sw.  is  Coriolus  pinsitus  (Fries)  Pat.,  but  Swartz' 
name  cannot  be  used  because  B.  villosus  Huds.  has  priority. 

2.    FUNALIA  CLADOTRICHA  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  sometimes  effused-reflexed,  2-5  X  3-8  X 
0.5-0.8  cm. ;  surface  brown,  conspicuously  covered  with  branched, 
strigose  hairs,  which  are  somewhat  concentrically  arranged  in 
zones,  especially  near  the  margin,  which  is  thin,  concolorous, 
undulate;  context  thin,  soft-corky  to  spongy,  brown,  1-2  mm. 
thick;  tubes  long,  uneven,  irregular  and  variable  in  size,  grayish- 
brown  within,  3-7  mm.  long,  mouths  angular  to  daedaleoid, 


34  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

averaging  I  mm.  in  breadth,  edges  thin,  uneven  to  lacerate- 
too  thed,  brown  or  grayish-umbrinous. 
Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Texas. 

3.     FUNALIA  STUPPEA  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  variable  in  size,  dimidiate,  decurrent, 
imbricate,  convex  above,  2-6  X  5-12  X  0.5-3  cm.;  surface 
ferruginous  to  fulvous,  hirsute  to  villose,  azonate,  sulcate  at 
times;  margin  thin  or  rounded,  concolorous,  entire  or  slightly 
undulate;  context  isabelline,  zonate,  corky  to  woody,  duplex 
in  large  specimens,  being  softer  above,  0.3-1.5  cm.  thick;  tubes 
rather  long,  3-12  mm.,  whitish-isabelline  within,  mouths  rather 
variable  in  size,  subcircular  to  angular,  distorted  with  age, 
averaging  about  I  mm.  in  diameter,  edges  thin,  fimbriate  to 
toothed,  isabelline  to  fuscous;  spores  oblong  or  slightly  curved, 
H-I3  X  3-5-4  M- 

Occasional  west  of  the  Mississippi  River  on  dead  poplar  trunks 
and  less  common  on  willow  and  a  few  other  trees.  Very  similar 
in  some  of  its  forms  to  Trametes  hispida  Bagl.  of  Europe. 

23.     HAPALOPILUS   P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  rarely  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile, 
dimidiate,  simple  or  imbricate;  surface  anoderm,  rarely  pellicu- 
lose,  zonate  or  azonate,  usually  brown  and  glabrous;  context 
brown,  leathery  or  corky,  tough  or  rarely  friable  when  dry; 
hymenium  usually  differently  colored,  tubes  small,  thin-walled; 
spores  small,  usually  ovoid,  hyaline. 

Hymenium   concolorous;   pileus  smooth,   entirely   devoid   of 

zones  or  furrows;  context  soft  and  friable.  i.  H.  rutilans. 

Hymenium  differently  colored;  pileus  rarely  smooth;  context 

rigid  or  corky,  not  friable. 
Hymenium  lilac-colored,  tubes  I  cm.  or  more  in  length; 

pileus  concentrically  sulcate.  2.  H.  sublilacinus. 

Hymenium  dark-brown,  tubes  less  than  0.5  cm.  in  length; 

pileus  smooth  or  zonate. 
Context  rigid ;  pileus  azonate  or  with  few  and  indefinite 

markings.  3.  H.  gilvus. 

Context  flexible  when  hymenophore  is  expanded ;  pileus 

plainly  and  definitely  multizonate.  4.  H.  licnoides, 

I.     HAPALOPILUS  RUTILANS  (Pers.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thick,  convex  above  and  below,  very  soft,  fleshy, 
dimidiate,  usually  broadly  attached,  more  or  less  imbricate  at 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  35 

times,  2-4  X  3.5-7  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  smooth,  anoderm, 
azonate,  finely  villose  to  glabrous,  ochraceous-isabelline  to  bay- 
brown;  margin  rather  thick,  entire  or  undulate,  becoming  red- 
dish-brown when  bruised;  context  spongy,  friable  when  dry, 
ochraceous-isabelline,  3-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  rather  long,  slender, 
isabelline  to  pale-fulvous,  3-6  mm.  long,  mouths  angular, 
averaging  3  to  a  mm.,  somewhat  irregular  with  age,  edges 
isabelline,  whitish  when  young,  thin,  very  fragile,  subentire; 
spores  ellipsoid  or  globose,  3  X  2.5  p. 

Occasional  in  North  Carolina  on  dead  deciduous  wood,  especi- 
ally hickory. 

2.     HAPALOPILUS  SUBLILACINUS  (Ellis  &  Ev.)  Murrill 

Pileus  applanate,  dimidiate,  6-7  X  9-10  X  1-2  cm.;  surface 
concentrically  striate,  zonate,  cinereous-gray  to  avellaneous- 
fulvous;  margin  acute,  entire;  context  corky,  zonate,  3-5  mm. 
thick,  bright-cinnamon-yellow  to  pale-fulvous;  tubes  long, 
slender,  pale-umbrinous  within,  5-15  mm.,  mouths  minute, 
circular,  regular,  slightly  uneven,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse, 
entire,  lilac  to  umbrinous;  cystidia  stout,  cylindric-conic,  15-20 
X4M- 

Found  only  in  Louisiana,  growing  on  dead  pine  logs. 

3.     HAPALOPILUS  GILVUS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  dimidiate,  imbricate,  applanate  or  conchate, 
3-6  X  5-10  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous, 
azonate,  isabelline  to  fulvous,  often  marked  with  indistinct 
purplish-fuscous  bands,  rugulose  to  uneven;  margin  thin,  fer- 
ruginous, entire  to  undulate,  abruptly  sterile ;  context  ferruginous, 
fibrous-spongy  to  corky,  zonate,  3-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  short, 
slender,  avellaneous  to  grayish-umbrinous  within,  3-5  mm.  long, 
often  found  stratified,  especially  in  the  tropics,  mouths  small, 
regular,  circular  to  angular,  6-8  to  a  mm.,  edges  at  first  thick, 
pale-ferruginous,  becoming  thin,  entire,  glistening,  olivaceous- 
fuscous  to  purplish-fuscous;  spores  elongate-ellipsoid,  4-6 
X2~4)Lt;  cystidia  chestnut-colored,  ovate-subulate,  15-20  X 
4-5  M- 

Extremely   common   on   dead   deciduous   wood   throughout. 

4.     HAPALOPILUS  LICNOIDES  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  imbricate,  dimidiate,  often 
narrowly  attached,  applanate  or  conchate,  3-6  X  4-8  X  0.2-0.5 
cm. ;  surface  multizonate,  concentrically  striate,  finely  tomentose 


36  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

to  partially  glabrous,  rather  smooth,  subshining,  fulvous  with 
bay  zones;  margin  very  thin,  entire,  ferruginous;  context  thin, 
ferruginous  to  fulvous,  fibrous-spongy,  I  mm.  thick;  tubes 
short,  1-2  mm.,  fulvous,  glaucous  near  the  mouths,  which  are 
very  minute,  regular,  circular,  7-9  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire, 
pale-ferruginous  to  purplish-ferruginous;  spores  ellipsoid  or 
subglobose,  3-4X2-3^;  cystidia  subulate,  chestnut-colored, 
15-25  X  6  M. 
Common  on  dead  wood  in  the  Gulf  states. 

24.     ISCHNODERMA  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  large,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile;  surface  pellicu- 
lose,  glabrous;  context  light-brown,  fleshy  to  slightly  corky, 
friable  when  dry;  tubes  small,  thin- walled;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline. 

i.    ISCHNODERMA  FULIGINOSUM  (Scop.)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  large,  subimbricate,  laterally  connate,  effused- 
reflexed,  often  covering  the  entire  under  surface  of  logs,  the 
reflexed  portion  applanate,  5-15  cm.  long,  10  to  many  cm. 
broad,  1-2.5  cm-  thick;  surface  pelliculose,  floccose,  rugose, 
zonate,  fuliginous,  ivory-black,  and  dark-fulvous,  with  a  con- 
spicuous resinous  appearance;  margin  acute,  concolorous,  inflexed 
on  drying,  entire  or  undulate;  context  fleshy,  becoming  corky 
with  age,  very  firm  and  rather  fragile  when  dry,  light-brown, 
5-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  pallid  to  umbrinous,  5-8  mm.  long, 
mouths  minute,  white,  angular,  equal,  becoming  umbrinous  and 
somewhat  irregular  with  age,  edges  thin,  fimbriate  to  lacerate; 
spores  cylindric,  subcurved,  4-6  X  1.5-2  /x. 

Frequent  throughout  most  of  the  region  on  fallen  trunks  of 
basswood,  maple,  and  certain  other  trees. 

25.     POGONOMYCES  Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  dimidiate-sessile  to  flabelli- 
form,  thickly  covered  with  rigid  hairs;  context  dark-brown, 
punky  to  corky;  tubes  short,  thick-walled,  light-brown,  mouths 
small,  circular;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     POGONOMYCES  HYDNOIDES  (Sw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  sessile,  often  imbricate,  conchate,  3-5  X  5-10 
X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  zonate,  tawny-bay  to  nearly  black,  con- 
spicuously and  thickly  covered  with  rigid,  branched  fibers,  which 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  37 

often  more  or  less  disappear  with  age ;  margin  entire  or  undulate, 
pallid,  acute,  sterile  below;  context  fulvous  at  maturity,  zonate, 
punky  to  corky,  3-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  rather  long,  grayish- 
umbrinous  within,  equaling  the  thickness  of  the  context,  mouths 
small,  circular  to  somewhat  angular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick, 
entire,  pallid  to  umbrinous;  spores  oblong,  8-10  X  3-4  /*• 

Extremely  common  in  the  Gulf  states  on  various  forms  of 
dead  wood. 

26.     NIGROPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenium  annual,  epixylous,  dimidiate-sessile  to  flabelliform, 
glabrous;  context  dark-brown,  firm,  homogeneous;  tubes  short, 
slender,  thin- walled,  black;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     NIGROPORUS  VINOSUS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  dimidiate  to  reniform,  imbricate,  narrowly  at- 
tached by  a  scutate  disk  or  laterally  connate  and  broadly  de- 
current,  1-3  X  3-6  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  zonate,  finely  velvety 
to  glabrous,  obscurely  vinous-brown;  margin  yellowish  when 
young,  thin,  undulate,  often  inflexed  on  drying;  context  rigid, 
tough,  chestnut-colored,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  minute,  short, 
scarcely  a  mm.  in  length,  smoky-black,  mouths  regular,  angular, 
7-9  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  vinous-brown,  pruinose  when 
young,  blackish  with  age;  spores  allantoid,  3-4  X  1-1.5  M- 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Georgia. 

27.     INONOTUS  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate,  simple  or 
somewhat  imbricate,  variable  in  size;  surface  usually  anoderm, 
brown,  hairy  or  glabrous;  context  brown,  thin  and  fibrous  to 
spongy  or  corky;  hymenium  concolorous,  usually  covered  with 
whitish  powder  in  youth,  tubes  small,  thin- walled;  spores 
smooth,  light-  to  dark-brown. 

Hymenophore  sessile. 

Hymenophore  large,  10-30  cm.  or  more  broad. 

Surface  conspicuously  hirsute.  i.  /.  hirsutus. 

Surface  glabrous. 

Spores  pale-brown.  2.  I.  dryadeus. 

Spores  deep-brown.  3.  /.  dryophilus. 

Hymenophore  of  medium  size,  about  5-10  cm.  broad. 
Spores  deep-brown  in  color. 

Context  multizonate  and  iridescent.  4.  /.  texanus. 

Context  neither  zonate  nor  iridescent. 


58566 


38  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

Hymenium  fuliginous  or  black.  5.  7.  juniperinus. 

Hymenium  fulvous.  6.  7.  perplexus. 

Spores  faintly  tinged  with  brown. 

Surface  soft  and  spongy;  hymenophores  found  on 

living  shrubs,  often  encircling  the  twigs.  7.  7.  ampleclens. 

Surface  hard   and   firm;   hymenophores   found   on 

decaying  trunks  or  roots.  8.  7.  radiatus. 

Hymenophore  substipitate.  9.  7.  ludovicianus. 

1.  INONOTUS  HIRSUTUS  (Scop.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thick,  compact,  fleshy  to  spongy,  dimidiate,  sometimes 
imbricate,  compressed-ungulate,  7-10  X  10-15  X  3-5  cm.;  sur- 
face hirsute,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  azonate,  smooth;  margin 
obtuse,  velvety;  context  spongy-corky,  somewhat  fragile  when 
dry,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  blackening  with  age,  1-1.5  cm- 
thick;  tubes  slender,  about  I  cm.  long,  ferruginous  within, 
mouths  angular,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  ferruginous  to  bay,  blackening 
with  age,  edges  thin,  very  fragile,  lacerate;  spores  broadly 
ovoid,  smooth,  thick-walled,  deep-ferruginous,  2-guttulate,  7-8  X 
5-6  n. 

Occasional  from  North  Carolina  to  Florida,  chiefly  on  living 
trunks  of  oak.  A  very  abundant  and  destructive  enemy  of 
shade  trees  in  Europe. 

2.  INONOTUS  DRYADEUS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Hymenophore  of  immense  size,  dimidiate,  rarely  circular,  usually 
imbricate,  applanate  or  depressed  above,  convex  below,  fleshy 
to  spongy-corky,  rather  fragile  when  dry,  15-30  X  25-65  X  3-5 
cm.;  surface  very  uneven,  azonate,  opaque,  hoary-isabelline, 
anoderm  to  very  thinly  encrusted,  subshining  and  bay;  margin 
thick,  pallid,  entire  to  undulate,  weeping;  context  thick,  zonate, 
subglistening,  ferruginous-isabelline  to  fulvous,  2.5-4  cm- 
thick;  tubes  grayish-umbrinous  to  fulvous  within,  5-15  mm.  long, 
slender,  very  fragile,  mouths  whitish  when  young,  becoming 
somewhat  resinous  in  appearance  and  finally  bay-brown,  at  first 
minute,  circular,  becoming  angular,  4  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
fimbriate  to  lacerate,  deeply  splitting  and  separating  with  age; 
spores  subglobose,  smooth,  8-10  X  7-8  n,  the  outer  wall  hyaline, 
the  inner  membrane  brown;  cystidia  15-35  X  5-9  M- 

Occasional  west  of  the  Mississippi  River  as  a  root  parasite  of 
various  species  of  oak,  the  large  hymenophores  appearing  near  the 
base  of  the  trunk.  Attention  is  called  to  recent  studies  of  this 
species  and  the  next  by  W.  H.  Long. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  39 

3.     INONOTUS  DRYOPHILUS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thick,  unequal,  unguliform,  subimbricate,  rigid,  7-8 
X  10-14  X  2-3  cm.;  surface  hoary-flavous  to  ferruginous- 
fulvous,  becoming  scabrous  and  bay  with  age;  margin  thick, 
usually  obtuse,  sterile,  pallid,  entire  or  undulate;  context  fer- 
ruginous to  fulvous,  zonate,  shining,  3-10  mm.  thick;  tubes 
slender,  concolorous  with  the  context,  about  I  cm.  long,  mouths 
regular,  angular,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  glistening,  whitish-isabelline  to 
dark-fulvous,  edges  thin,  entire  to  toothed;  spores  subglobose, 
smooth,  deep-ferruginous,  6-7  /x;  cystidia  scanty  and  short. 

Occasional  throughout  on  living  or  dead  oak  trunks,  causing 
serious  decay. 

4.     INONOTUS  TEXANUS  Murrill 

Pileus  ungulate,  attached  by  the  vertex,  3  X  5  X  2-4  cm.; 
surface  hoary-isabelline  to  fuliginous,  finely  tomentose,  con- 
centrically and  radially  rimose,  especially  with  age,  the  separated 
areas  imbricate;  margin  thick  to  very  obtuse,  pallid;  context 
corky,  narrowly  concentrically  zonate,  fulvous  to  umbrinous, 
iridescent,  I  cm.  thick  in  young  specimens,  very  thin  in  old  ones; 
tubes  1-3  cm.  long,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  fulvous  to  tawny-chestnut, 
mouths  polygonal,  pallid  to  fulvous,  darker  with  age,  edges  thin, 
entire;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  very  dark-brown,  i-2-guttulate, 
10  X  8/i. 

Occasional  on  trunks  of  living  mesquite  trees  in  Texas, 

5.     INONOTUS  JUNIPERINUS  Murrill 

Pileus  firm,  corky,  sessile,  narrowly  attached,  flabelliform, 
concave  above,  convex  below,  6X5X1  cm. ;  surface  glabrous, 
somewhat  rugose,  subzonate  near  the  margin,  fulvous-ferruginous, 
slightly  marked  with  black;  margin  very  thin,  broadly  sterile, 
glabrous,  entire  to  somewhat  eroded,  fragile,  pure-black  in 
dried  specimens;  context  fleshy-tough,  fragile  when  dry,  sub- 
shining,  pale-ferruginous  to  umbrinous-fulvous,  5-7  mm.  thick; 
tubes  short,  very  fragile,  fulvous  within,  1-2  mm.  long,  puncti- 
form  near  the  margin,  mouths  angular,  4  to  a  mm.,  glistening, 
chestnut-colored  to  black,  edges  thin,  entire  to  fimbriate-dentate; 
spores  globose,  smooth,  dark-brown,  3.5-5  M- 

Occasional  on  roots  of  red  cedar  in  Texas. 

6.     INONOTUS  PERPLEXUS  (Peck)  Murrill 

Pileus  spongy-fleshy,  fibrous,  sessile,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform, 
often  narrowly  attached,  usually  imbricate,  somewhat  laterally 


4O  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

connate,  4-6  X  5-10  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  hairy-tomentose  to 
setose-hispid,  grayish-tawny  to  ferruginous,  azonate,  smooth, 
anoderm,  becoming  somewhat  glabrous  and  subzonate  with  age; 
margin  acute,  sterile,  pallid,  entire;  context  tawny-ferruginous, 
subzonate,  2-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  3-5  mm.  long,  brownish- 
ferruginous  within,  mouths  angular  to  irregular,  3-4  to  a  mm., 
edges  acute,  nmbriate  to  lacerate,  hoary  to  dark-fulvous;  spores 
broadly  ellipsoid,  smooth,  deep-ferruginous,  5-7  X  4-5.5^- 

Frequent  throughout,  chiefly  on  oak.  Near  P.  cuticularis  of 
Europe. 

7.     INONOTUS  AMPLECTENS  Murrill 

Pileus  hemispheric,  clasping,  concave  beneath,  1-3  cm.  in 
diameter,  1-2  cm.  thick;  surface  soft,  velvety,  dark-yellowish- 
orange;  margin  at  first  obtuse,  entire,  straw-colored,  becoming 
thin,  undulate  or  toothed,  deflexed  and  concolorous;  context 
soft,  spongy-fibrous,  ferruginous;  hymenium  at  first  honey- 
yellow,  becoming  umbrinous;  tubes  2-4  mm.  long,  2-4  to  a  mm., 
larger  by  confluence,  umbrinous  within,  mouths  at  first  closed 
by  a  yellowish  membrane,  subcircular,  regular,  entire,  becoming 
large,  irregular,  coarsely  toothed  and  concentrically  split  into 
irpiciform  plates;  spores  ellipsoid,  slightly  curved,  smooth, 
melleous,  i-2-guttulate,  5-6  X  2.5-3.5  p.. 

Found  once  on  living  twigs  of  Asimina  in  Georgia. 

8.     INONOTUS  RADIATUS  (Sow.)  P.  Karst. 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  imbricate,  confluent,  sessile,  umbonate 
behind,  especially  when  young,  3-5  X  6-9  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface 
radiate-rugose  to  very  uneven,  minutely  velvety  to  glabrous, 
fulvous  to  ferruginous-fuscous  or  almost  black  behind;  margin 
thin,  pallid,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  subzonate,  ferruginous 
to  dark-fulvous,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  slender,  grayish-umbrinous 
to  fulvous,  about  5  mm.  long,  mouths  angular,  somewhat  ir- 
regular, 3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  whitish  at  first,  becoming  dark- 
fulvous  with  age,  glistening,  thin,  fimbriate  to  lacerate;  spores 
ellipsoid,  luteolous,  4-6  X  3-4  M- 

Occasional  in  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina  on  decayed 
alder,  birch,  maple,  and  certain  other  deciduous  trees.  The 
usual  form  found  on  maple  is  quite  different  from  the  typical 
form  on  alder  and  birch  and  has  been  called  P.  glomeratus  by 
Peck.  The  same  two  forms  are  said  to  occur  in  Europe. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  41 

9.     INONOTUS  LUDOVICIANUS  (Pat.)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  applanate,  undulate,  radiate-rugose,  cuneate  and 
substipitate  behind,  reaching  20  cm.  long,  15  cm.  broad,  and 
1.5  cm.  thick;  surface  velvety-scrupose,  soft  to  the  touch, 
ferruginous,  margin  sinuate,  thin;  context  ferruginous,  with 
silky  luster;  tubes  concolorous,  soft,  decurrent,  the  mouths 
circular,  minute,  at  first  whitish-stuffed,  becoming  fuscous- 
ferruginous  and  lacerate;  spores  smooth,  ovoid,  ferruginous, 
6  X  3.5  //;  cystidia  none. 

Described  as  Xanthochrous  ludovlcianus  (Bull.  Soc.  Myc.  Fr. 
24:  6.  1908.)  from  specimens  collected  at  the  base  of  dead  trees 
near  St.  Martinsville,  Louisiana,  by  Langlois.  Xanthochrous 
fusco-vdutinus  Pat.,  described  at  the  same  time  from  the  same 
locality,  is  not  specifically  distinct.  The  species  is  known  from 
a  few  collections  by  Langlois  in  Louisiana,  on  dead  logs  and 
branches  of  Quercus  aquatica  and  probably  other  deciduous 
trees,  and  was  also  found  by  C.  L.  Shear  in  Summerville,  South 
Carolina,  occurring  on  the  base  of  an  oak  stump. 

28.     PHAEOLUS  Pat. 

Hymenophore  large,  irregular,  annual,  spongy  to  corky, 
epixylous;  stipe  simple,  variously  attached,  wanting  at  times; 
surface  of  pileus  anoderm,  hispid;  context  ferruginous;  tubes 
irregular,  thin- walled;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  hyaline;  cystidia 
none. 

i.     PHAEOLUS  SISTOTREMOIDES  (Alb.  &  Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  spongy,  circular,  varying  to  dimidiate  or  irregular,  15- 
20  cm.  broad,  0.5-2  cm.  thick;  surface  setose-hispid  to  strigose- 
tomentose  and  scrupose  in  zones,  ochraceous-ferruginous  to 
fulvous-castaneous  or  darker,  quite  uneven,  somewhat  sulcate, 
obscurely  zonate;  margin  yellow,  rather  thick,  sterile;  context 
very  soft  and  spongy,  fragile  when  dry,  sometimes  indurate  with 
age,  flavous-ferruginous  to  fulvous,  0.3-0.7  mm.  thick;  tubes 
short,  2-5  mm.  long,  flavous  within,  mouths  large,  irregular, 
averaging  I  mm.  in  diameter,  edges  thin,  becoming  lacerate, 
ochraceous-olivaceous  to  fuliginous,  rose-tinted  when  young 
and  fresh,  quickly  changing  to  dark-red  when  bruised;  spores 
ellipsoid,  7-8  X  3-4  At;  stipe  central  to  lateral  or  obsolete,  very 
irregular,  tubercular  or  very  short,  resembling  the  pileus  in  surface 
and  substance. 

Common  throughout  on  trunks,  stumps,  and  roots  of  various 


42  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

coniferous  trees,  causing  a  very  serious  reddish-brown  rot  of  the 
roots  and  lower  part  of  the  trunk. 

29.     COLTRICIELLA   Murrill 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  tough,  epixylous;  stipe  attached 
to  the  vertex  of  the  pileus;  surface  of  the  pileus  anoderm,  zonate; 
context  spongy,  fibrous,  ferruginous;  tubes  angular,  one-layered, 
dissepiments  thin;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  ferruginous. 

i.     COLTRICIELLA  DEPENDENS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Hymenophore  gregarious  or  cespitose;  pileus  very  small, 
conic,  pendant,  vertically  attached,  1-2  cm.  broad,  about  I  cm. 
thick;  surface  cinnamon-colored,  soft,  elongate-striate,  sericeous, 
subzonate;  margin  acute,  fibrillose;  context  spongy,  very  thin, 
ferruginous-fulvous,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  long,  5-8  mm.,  fulvous, 
mouths  large,  angular,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  smaller  near  the  margin, 
edges  thin,  toothed,  yellowish  to  fulvous;  spores  ellipsoid, 
smooth,  ferruginous,  7-8  X  3-5-4MJ  stipe  central,  attached  at 
the  vertex,  cylindric,  gradually  enlarging  as  it  approaches  the 
pileus,  about  I  cm.  long,  1-3  mm.  thick,  resembling  the  pileus 
in  surface  and  substance. 

Occasional  on  decorticated  pine  wood  in  the  Carolinas.  Re- 
ported on  Liriodendron  in  Florida. 

30.     COLTRICIA  (Micheli)  S.  F.  Gray 

Hymenophore  annual,  terrestrial  or  humus-loving,  simple, 
small  to  medium,  usually  circular  and  central-stemmed;  surface 
anoderm,  brown,  zonate  or  azonate;  context  yellowish  or  brown, 
coriaceous  to  spongy;  hymenium  concolorous,  covered  with 
yellowish  or  whitish  powder  when  young;  tubes  thin- walled,  at 
length  fimbriate;  spores  smooth,  rounded,  yellowish-brown; 
cystidia  rarely  present. 

Pileus  concentrically  zonate;  context  very  thin. 

Pileus  shining-cinnamon,  strigose.  striate,  thin,  flexible, 
slightly  depressed,  the  margin  often  fimbriate  or  pseudo- 
ciliate.  I.  C.  cinnamomea. 

Pileus  dull-rusty-cinnamon  to  hoary,  velvety  to  glabrous, 
deeply  depressed,  the  margin  thicker  and  less  fim- 
briate. 

Tubes  small,  0.5  mm.  or  less  in  diameter.  2.  C.  perennis. 

Tubes  large,  i  mm.  in  diameter.  3.  C.  focicola. 

Pileus  usually  azonate;  context  rather  thick  and  spongy. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  43 

Context  duplex,  soft  above  and  woody  below;  hymenium 

beset  with  cystidia.  4.  C.  tomentosa. 

Context  homogeneous;  hymenium  free  from  cystidia. 

Pileus  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  5  cm.  in  diameter;  surface 

finely  tomentose;  stipe  swollen  and  soft  at  the  base.     5.  C.  obesa. 
Pileus  darker,  fulvous  to  chocolate-colored,  10  cm.  in 
diameter;  surface  rough  and  shaggy;  stipe  scutate 
and  firm  at  the  base.  6.  C.  Memmingeri. 

I.     COLTRICIA  CINNAMOMEA  (Jacq.)  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  thin,  circular,  umbilicate,  sometimes  deeply 
so,  1-4  cm.  in  diameter,  1-2  mm.  thick;  surface  bright-cinnamon, 
cinereous,  shining,  strigose-striate,  zonate;  margin  undulate  to 
slightly  lobed,  fimbriate,  concolorous;  context  membranous, 
concolorous,  less  than  a  mm.  thick;  tubes  pale-umbrinous 
within,  1-2  mm.  long,  slightly  decurrent,  mouths  rather  large, 
angular,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  fimbri- 
ate-dentate,  collapsing  with  age;  spores  ellipsoid,  pale-yellowish- 
brown,  smooth,  6-8X4-6;*;  stipe  central,  velvety,  reddish- 
fuscous,  nearly  equal,  2-4  cm.  long,  3-5  mm.  thick. 

Common  throughout  on  mossy  soil  or  wood  almost  reduced  to 
humus. 

2.    COLTRICIA  PERENNIS  (L.)  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  circular,  infundibuliform,  3-6  cm.  broad, 
1.5-3  mm.  thick;  surface  zonate,  short-tomentose,  substriate, 
ferruginous  to  cinereous,  the  zones  sometimes  glabrous  and 
chestnut-colored;  margin  very  thin,  entire  to  lacerate,  inflexed 
when  dry;  context  very  thin,  concolorous,  scarcely  a  mm.  thick; 
tubes  short,  grayish-umbrinous  within,  1-3  mm.  long,  mouths 
small,  angular,  2-4  to  a  mm.,  whitish  when  young,  becoming 
fulvous,  edges  thin,  dentate  to  lacerate,  soon  collapsing;  spores 
ovoid,  smooth,  pale-yellowish-brown,  4-6  X  2-3.5  M;  stipe  bul- 
bous and  often  united  with  that  of  neighboring  plants  at  the 
base,  tapering  upward,  velvety,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  solid, 
corky,  3-5  cm.  long,  2-5  mm.  thick. 

Occasional  in  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina  on  exposed 
or  burnt  soil  in  woods,  and  possibly  ranging  as  far  southward  as 
Alabama. 

3.     COLTRICIA  FOCICOLA  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  membranous,  circular,  umbilicate,  3-6  cm.  in  diam- 
eter, 0.5-1  cm.  thick;  surface  velvety,  cinnamon  to  cinereous, 
multizonate;  margin  thin,  entire  or  undulate;  context  very  thin, 


44  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

ferruginous  to  fulvous,  scarcely  I  mm.  in  thickness;  tubes  long, 
ample,  ferruginous  to  fulvous  within,  5-8  mm.  long,  mouths 
1-2  mm.  in  diameter,  angular,  fulvous,  edges  thin,  toothed, 
becoming  lacerate  and  collapsed  with  age,  causing  the  pores  to 
appear  much  smaller  than  they  really  are;  spores  oblong-el- 
lipsoid, smooth,  pale-yellowish-brown,  abundant,  i-guttulate, 
6  X  3-5  M!  stipe  central,  cylindric,  slightly  enlarged  at  the  base, 
velvety,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  solid,  corky,  2-3  cm.  long,  3-5 
mm.  thick. 

Frequent  on  burnt  soil  in  woods  from  North  Carolina  to 
Florida. 

4.     COLTRICIA  TOMENTOSA  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  circular,  varying  to  dimidiate,  sometimes  cespitose, 
6-12  cm.  in  diameter,  3-5  mm.  thick;  surface  ferruginous-fulvous, 
azonate,  rarely  subzonate,  tomentose,  plane  or  depressed  at  the 
center;  margin  lighter  in  color,  sterile,  acute,  entire  to  lobed; 
context  duplex,  soft-corky,  concolorous  and  spongy  above, 
corky- woody,  fibrous  and  flavous-ferruginous  below,  2-4  mm. 
thick;  tubes  sometimes  decurrent,  about  I  mm.  long,  avellaneous 
within,  mouths  small,  equal,  angular,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  covered  at 
first  with  a  whitish  substance,  edges  white,  entire,  becoming 
grayish-umbrinous,  very  thin  and  toothed  with  age;  spores 
ellipsoid,  smooth,  pale-yellowish-brown,  5-7  X  2-4/1;  cystidia 
abundant,  more  or  less  curved,  ovate-lanceolate  at  first,  becoming 
more  slender,  fulvous-brown,  50-75  X  6-15  n',  stipe  central  to 
lateral  or  wanting,  unequal,  obese,  fulvous,  tomentose,  re- 
sembling the  context  within,  0-5  cm.  long,  5-15  mm.  thick. 

Common  throughout  under  coniferous  trees,  usually  attached 
to  coniferous  wood. 

5.     COLTRICIA  OBESA  (Ellis  &  Ev.)  Murrill 

Hymenophore  simple  or  cespitose,  sometimes  connate;  pileus 
circular,  convex  to  depressed,  4-6  cm.  broad,  5-10  mm.  thick; 
surface  fulvous,  tomentose,  azonate,  smooth  or  pelliculose; 
margin  yellowish-cinnamon,  obtuse,  becoming  acute,  entire  or 
undulate;  context  homogeneous,  soft,  friable,  fulvous,  4-8  mm. 
thick;  tubes  short,  about  I  mm.  in  length,  pale-avellaneous 
within,  mouths  irregular,  circular  to  radially-elongate  and 
slightly  sinuous,  0.5-1  mm.  broad,  edges  becoming  acute  and 
slightly  toothed,  white  to  fulvous;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth, 
ferruginous,  7-8  X  4-5  ju;  stipe  central,  spongy,  tomentose, 
fulvous,  4-6  cm.  long,  5-15  mm.  thick  above,  enlarged  below, 
1-3  cm.  in  thickness. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  45 

Occasional  on  buried  pine  branches  in  North  Carolina.  There 
is  little  to  distinguish  this  species  from  P.  Montagnei  Fries. 

6.    COLTRICIA  MEMMINGERI  Murrill 

Pileus  very  irregular,  circular  to  dimidiate,  convex  to  plane 
or  depressed,  10  X  I  cm.;  surface  fulvous  to  dark-seal-brown, 
ornamented  with  long  imbricate  scales  of  the  same  color;  margin 
alutaceous,  pubescent,  sterile,  subacute,  undulate;  context 
corky,  fragile,  azonate,  0.5-1  cm.  thick,  thinner  towards  the 
margin,  concolorous;  tubes  adnate,  1-4  mm.  long,  1-3  to  a  mm., 
umbrinous,  apparently  blackening  with  age,  mouths  circular 
and  whitish  when  young,  becoming  angular,  irregular  and 
concolorous  or  darker  with  age,  edges  entire  to  dentate;  spores 
ovoid,  smooth,  light-ferruginous,  usually  2-guttulate,  7  X4ju; 
stipe  central  or  eccentric,  at  times  confluent,  very  short,  thick, 
angular  or  flattened,  dilated  at  the  base  to  twice  its  thickness 
above,  resembling  the  pileus  in  color,  surface,  and  substance, 
1-3  X  3-5  cm. 

Found  only  on  wet  clay  banks  at  Flat  Rock,  North  Carolina. 

31.     FOMES  Gill. 

Hymenophore  sessile,  ungulate  or  applanate,  epixylousJ 
surface  anoderm  or  encrusted,  sulcate,  rarely  zonate;  context 
white,  wood-colored,  or  flesh-colored,  corky  or  woody,  rarely 
punky;  tubes  cylindric,  usually  thick- walled,  stratose;  spores 
smooth,  hyaline  or  subhyaline. 

Context  flesh-colored,  light-brown  in  faded  specimens. 

Tubes  1-2  mm.  long  each  season;  spores  ellipsoid.  i.  F.  roseus. 

Tubes  3-5  mm.  long  each  season;  spores  globose.  2.  F.  fraxineus. 

Context  white  or  nearly  so. 

Pileus  less  than  3  cm.  broad.  3.  F.  scutellatus. 

Pileus  more  than  3  cm.  broad. 

Pileus  encrusted;  surface  darker  than  the  context. 

Pileus  thin,  distinctly  zonate,  irregular  or  applanate; 

crust  brown  to  black.  4.  F.  annosus. 

Pileus  thick,  sulcate,  ungulate,  rarely  applanate.  5.  F.  ungulatus. 

Pileus  rarely  encrusted;   surface   concolorous  with   the 

context. 

Tubes  white,  concolorous,  the  mouths  glistening.  6.  F.  populinus. 

Tubes  smoky  at  maturity,  darker  than  the  context, 

not  over  3  mm.  long.  7.  F.  Meliae. 

Tubes  light-brown,  strongly  contrasted  with  the 
white  or  yellowish  context,  and  i  cm.  or  more  in 
length.  8.  F.  geotropus. 


46  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

i.     FOMES  ROSEUS  (Alb.  &  Schw.)  Cooke 

Pileus  woody,  dimidiate,  varying  from  conchate  to  ungulate, 
often  imbricate  and  longitudinally  effused,  2-4  X  6-8  X  0.5-3 
cm.;  surface  rugose,  subfasciate,  slightly  sulcate,  rosy  or  flesh- 
colored,  becoming  gray  or  black  with  age;  margin  acute,  becoming 
obtuse,  sterile,  pallid,  often  undulate;  context  floccose-fibrous  to 
corky,  rose-colored,  0.2-2  cm.  thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratose, 
1-2  mm.  long  each  season,  mouths  circular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges 
obtuse,  concolorous;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  thick-walled, 
subhyaline,  3.5  X  6  /*. 

Common  throughout  on  living  or  dead  trunks  of  conifers,  and 
occasionally  on  deciduous  trees,  causing  a  serious  rot.  The 
variation  in  the  form  of  the  hymenophore  from  conchate  to  ungu- 
late is  sometimes  very  puzzling. 

2.    FOMES  FRAXINEUS  (Bull.)  Cooke 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate,  applanate,  usually  imbri- 
cate, often  laterally  confluent,  thinner  in  American  forms,  4-10 
X  6-15  X  1-6  cm.;  surface  velvety  to  glabrous,  zonate  at  times, 
concentrically  sulcate  with  age,  at  first  white  owing  to  a  covering 
of  fine  waxy  hairs,  becoming  bay  and  finally  nearly  black  with 
age;  margin  thin  or  tumid,  sterile,  cream-colored,  pulverulent 
with  reddish  blotches,  becoming  dark  and  hygrophanous  when 
bruised;  context  punky,  becoming  corky,  isabelline,  tinged  with 
carneous  when  fresh,  0.5-5  cm-  thick;  tubes  indistinctly  strati- 
fied, 0.5-1  cm.  long  each  season,  isabelline  when  old,  reddish- 
flesh-colored  in  the  younger  layers,  mouths  subcircular,  4  to  a 
mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  light-flesh-colored,  covered  at  first 
with  a  white  waxy  coat,  quickly  changing  to  a  darker  color  when 
bruised;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  subhyaline,  6-7  X  5-6/*. 

Occasional  on  trunks  and  stumps  of  certain  deciduous  trees  in 
Louisiana. 

3.     FOMES  SCUTELLATUS  (Schw.)  Cooke 

Pileus  woody,  dimidiate  or  scutellate,  concave  below,  0.5-0.7 
X  1-1.5  X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  rugose,  tuberculose,  zonate, 
fuscous-black;  margin  acute,  deflexed,  pallid  to  light-brown; 
context  woody,  indistinctly  zonate,  isabelline,  2-3  mm.  thick; 
tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  1-1.5  mm-  l°ng  eacn  season,  isa- 
belline within,  mouths  subcircular  to  rhomboid,  4  to  a  mm., 
edges  rather  thin,  obtuse,  entire,  chalk-white,  becoming  avel- 
laneous. 

Frequent  throughout  on  dead  branches  and  timbers  of  alder, 
witch  hazel,  and  other  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  47 

4.     FOMES  ANNOSUS  (Fries)  Cooke 

Pileus  woody,  dimidiate,  very  irregular,  conchate  to  applanate, 
10-13  X  5-8  X  0.5-2  cm.;  surface  at  first  velvety,  rugose, 
anoderm,  light-brown,  becoming  thinly  encrusted,  zonate,  and 
finally  black  with  age;  margin  pallid,  acute,  becoming  thicker; 
context  soft-corky  to  woody,  white,  0.3-0.5  cm.  thick;  tubes 
unevenly  stratified,  2-8  mm.  long  each  season,  white,  mouths 
subcircular  to  irregular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thin,  entire, 
firm,  white,  unchanging;  spores  subglobose  or  ellipsoid,  smooth, 
hyaline,  5-6  X  4-5  /*• 

Common  throughout  on  trunks  and  roots  of  various  coniferous 
trees,  and  rarely  on  deciduous  trees,  causing  serious  decay. 

5.  FOMES  UNGULATUS  (Schaeff.)  Sacc. 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  ungulate,  8-15  X  12-40  X  6-10  cm.; 
surface  glabrous,  sulcate,  reddish-brown  to  gray  or  black,  often 
resinous;  margin  at  first  acute  to  tumid,  pallid,  becoming  yellow- 
ish or  reddish-chestnut;  context  woody,  pallid,  0.5-1  cm.  thick; 
tubes  distinctly  stratified,  3-5  mm.  long  each  season,  white  to 
isabelline,  mouths  circular,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  white  to 
cream-colored ;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  6  /*. 

Frequent  throughout  on  living  trunks  of  conifers  and  less 
frequent  on  deciduous  trees  growing  near,  causing  a  serious 
disease. 

6.  FOMES  POPULINUS  (Schum.)  Cooke 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  effused-reflexed,  rarely  applanate, 
2-4  X  5-10  X  1-3  cm.;  surface  anoderm,  velvety,  white  or 
yellowish,  usually  overgrown  with  moss  or  otherwise  disfigured 
with  age;  margin  acute,  slightly  deflexed,  concolorous,  blackish 
where  bruised,  becoming  thicker  with  age;  context  punky  to 
corky,  white  to  ochroleucous,  3-8  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  dis- 
tinctly stratified,  1-2  mm.  long  each  season,  concolorous,  with  a 
resinous  luster,  mouths  subcircular  to  angular,  minute,  5-6  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  uneven,  white  to  cremeous,  glistening;  spores 
globose,  thin- walled,  smooth,  3-4  p. 

Rather  common  throughout  on  living  trunks  of  maple  and 
certain  other  deciduous  trees,  causing  decay. 

7.  FOMES  MELIAE  (Underw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  conchate  or  ungulate,  thick  and  decurrent  at 
the  base,  often  imbricate,  3-5  X  5-8  X  1-3  cm.;  surface  ano- 
derm, nearly  smooth,  subtomentose  to  glabrous,  dirty-white; 


48  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

margin  obtuse,  concolorous;  context  corky,  pallid,  indistinctly 
zonate,  0.5-1  cm.  thick;  tubes  unevenly  stratose,  3-6  mm.  long 
each  season,  cremeous,  becoming  discolored,  mouths  circular, 
5  to  a  mm.,  edges  usually  obtuse,  firm,  entire,  becoming  smoky- 
white,  the  hymenium  cracking  in  all  directions  with  age;  spores 
oblong,  3X6/1. 

Occasional  in  the  Gulf  states  on  branches  of  Melia,  Gleditsiai 
and  Fraxinus.  Closely  related  to  the  preceding  species. 

8.     FOMES  GEOTROPUS  Cooke 

Pileus  woody,  conchate,  very  thick  behind,  6-12  X  10-20 
X  2-4  cm.;  surface  pruinose  to  glabrous,  roughly  rugose,  ano- 
derm,  azonate,  irregularly  concentrically  undulate,  stramineous 
to  cremeous;  margin  tumid,  pallid,  brownish  when  bruised, 
slightly  undulate,  deflexed;  context  corky,  pallid  to  isabelline, 
0.5-1.3  cm.  thick;  tubes  distinctly  stratified,  0.5-1.5  cm.  long 
each  season,  pale-chestnut-colored,  fading  out  in  the  older 
layers,  mouths  circular,  minute,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire, 
rose-colored  when  fresh,  becoming  darker  and  discolored  with 
age  or  when  bruised. 

Frequent  at  the  base  of  living  trunks  of  various  trees  in  the 
Gulf  states,  causing  a  serious  rot.  "Pecky"  cypress  is  said  to 
be  due  to  the  effects  of  this  fungus. 

32.     FOMITELLA   Murrill 

Hymenophore  sessile,  at  times  semiresupinate,  applanate, 
epixylous;  surface  glabrous,  anoderm  to  encrusted,  sulcate 
with  age;  context  woody  or  slightly  punky,  brownish-olivaceous, 
rarely  varying  to  pallid;  tubes  minute,  cylindric,  usually  thick- 
walled,  more  or  less  stratose  at  maturity;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     FOMITELLA  SUPINA  (Sw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  rigid,  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate,  thin,  sessile,  imbricate, 
plane  or  concave  below,  4-6  X  5-10  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  finely 
tomentose  to  glabrous,  azonate,  smooth  or  rugose,  varying  from 
white  to  umbrinous,  often  blotched  with  purple  or  entirely 
purplish-black  behind ;  context  corky,  zonate,  greenish-isabelline 
to  olivaceous,  2-6  mm.  thick •  tubes  normally  perennial,  annual 
in  many  specimens,  indistinctly  stratose,  1-3  mm.  long  each 
season,  isabelline  to  grayish-umbrinous  within,  mouths  circular, 
rarely  elongate,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thin  at  maturity,  entire 
but  slightly  uneven,  isabelline  to  umbrinous;  spores  globose, 
smooth,  4  /z. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  49 

Very  common  on  dead  deciduous  wood  in  most  of  the  southern 
states  at  low  elevations. 

33.     PYROPOLYPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile,  ungulate  or 
applanate;  surface  sulcate,  usually  anoderm  and  often  rough  or 
rimose;  context  woody  or  punky,  brown;  tubes  brown,  cylindric, 
stratose,  usually  thick- walled ;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  thick,  usually  ungulate. 

Surface  finally  blackish  and  often  rimose  with  age. 

Context  fulvous,  opaque;  found  on  Prunus.  I.  P.fulvus. 

Context  melleous,  lustrous;  found  on  Juniperus.  2.  P.  texanus. 

Surface  remaining  brown,  with  crust  entire.  3.  P.  Calkinsii. 

Pileus  thin,  conchate  or  applanate. 

Pileus  broadly  effused,  slightly  reflexed  or  entirely  resupinate.     4.  P.  conchatus. 
Pileus  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  not  effused.  5.  P.  Langloisii. 

i.     PYROPOLYPORUS  FULVUS  (Scop.)  Murrill 

Pileus  woody,  triquetrous,  rarely  ungulate,  thick  and  broadly 
attached  behind,  1-3  X  5-7  X  3-8  cm.;  surface  smooth,  very 
slightly  sulcate,  velvety,  ferruginous,  becoming  horny  and 
glabrous  and  finally  nearly  black  with  age;  margin  subobtuse, 
ferruginous,  velvety;  context  woody,  fulvous,  1-2  cm.  thick; 
tubes  evenly  stratified,  2-3  mm.  long  each  season,  fulvous, 
mouths  circular,  3  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  ferruginous  to 
fulvous;  spores  globose,  compressed  on  one  side,  hyaline,  5.5-6 
X  4.5-5  /*;  cystidia  fulvous,  ventricose,  15-20  X  7-9  ». 

Frequent  in  Tennessee  and  Alabama  on  diseased  trunks  and 
stumps  of  various  species  of  Prunus,  causing  decay. 

2.     PYROPOLYPORUS  TEXANUS  Murrill 

Pileus  ungulate,  broadly  attached,  plane  below,  3-13  X  4-11 
X  2-6  cm.;  surface  tomentose,  smooth,  melleous,  becoming 
reddish-brown  or  black,  glabrous  and  rimose  behind;  margin 
very  obtuse  and  rounded,  melleous,  tomentose,  smooth;  context 
woody,  distinctly  zonate,  1.5-2.5  cm.  thick,  melleous  to  dark- 
luteous  with  silky  luster;  tubes  evenly  stratified,  not  separated 
by  layers  of  context,  3-5  mm.  long  each  season,  concolorous, 
without  luster,  mouths  circular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse, 
entire,  melleous  to  fulvous;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  4-5  M- 

Frequent  on  Juniperus  in  Texas,  as  well  as  in  New  Mexico 
and  Arizona. 


50  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

3.     PYROPOLYPORUS  CALKINSII  Murrill 

Pileus  woody  throughout,  ungulate,  10  X  10  X  10  cm.r 
surface  glabrous,  dark-brown  to  black,  marked  with  rather 
shallow  concentric  furrows,  crust  thin,  horny,  never  rimose; 
margin  rounded,  concolorous  with  the  hymenium;  context  very 
hard,  woody,  fulvous,  I  cm.  thick;  tubes  in  many  indistinct  layers, 
slender,  minute,  7  to  a  mm.,  fulvous,  mouths  nearly  circular, 
edges  obtuse,  entire;  spores  ovoid,  hyaline,  with  thick,  smooth, 
pale-ferruginous  wall,  3-5  X  5-7  M- 

Known  from  a  few  collections  on  living  trunks  of  live  oak  and 
black  oak  in  Florida  and  North  Carolina. 

4.     PYROPOLYPORUS  CONCHATUS  (Pers.)  Murrill 

Pileus  conchate,  broadly  effused  and  often  entirely  resupinate, 
1-5  X  7-10  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  rough,  tomentose,  irregularly 
sulcate,  anoderm,  brown  to  black,  becoming  thinly  encrusted  and 
slightly  rimose  with  age;  margin  acute,  undulate,  ferruginous  to 
fulvous,  tomentose;  context  woody,  thin,  fulvous,  1-3  mm. 
thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  1-2  mm.  long  each  season, 
fulvous,  mouths  circular,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  ferruginous 
to  fulvous;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  4-5  /*;  cystidia  dark- 
brown,  ventricose,  15-30  X  7-9  /x. 

Occasional  throughout  on  decaying  deciduous  trunks. 

5.     PYROPOLYPORUS  LANGLOISII  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  fan-shaped,  attached  by  a  narrow  base,  often 
depressed  behind,  8-13  X  10-25  X  0.3-1.5  cm.;  surface  at  first 
anoderm,  soft,  clothed  with  brown  tomentum,  many  times  con- 
centrically sulcate,  at  length  glabrous,  rough,  indurate,  black, 
marked  with  numerous  shallow  furrows;  margin  velvety,  brown, 
thin,  acute,  undulate  or  slightly  lobed;  context  soft  to  corky, 
indurate  in  age,  deep-brown,  0.2-0.3  cm.  thick;  tubes  reviving, 
distinctly  stratified,  0.2-0.5  cm.  long  each  season,  8-9  to  a  mm., 
brown,  mouths  polygonal,  concolorous,  edges  thin  at  maturity; 
spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  3  p. 

Occasional  in  Louisiana  at  the  base  of  dead  or  dying  hawthorn 
trees,  and  probably  occurring  also  in  Florida. 

34.     FULVIFOMES  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile,  ungulate  or 
applanate;  surface  sulcate,  usually  anoderm  and  often  rough  or 
rimose;  context  woody  or  punky,  brown,  rarely  dark-red;  tubes 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  51 

brown,  cylindric,  stratose,  usually  thick- walled ;  spores  smooth, 
ferruginous  or  fulvous. 

Context  fulvous;  found  on  Robinia.  I.  F.  Robiniae. 

Context  dark-reddish;  found  on  Juniperus.  2.  F.  juniperinus. 

i.    FULVIFOMES  ROBINIAE  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  ungulate  to  applanate,  5-25  X  5-50  X  2-12 
cm.;  surface  velvety,  smooth,  soon  becoming  very  rimose  and 
roughened,  fulvous  to  purplish-black,  at  length  dull-black, 
deeply  and  broadly  concentrically  sulcate;  margin  rounded, 
velvety,  fulvous;  context  hard,  woody,  concentrically  banded, 
1-3  cm.  thick,  fulvous;  tubes  stratose,  0.15-0.5  cm.  long,  5  to  a 
mm.,  fulvous,  mouths  subcircular,  edges  entire,  equaling  the 
tubes  in  thickness;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  thin-walled, 
ferruginous,  4-5  /*. 

Common  throughout  the  range  of  its  host,  Robinia  Pseudacacia, 
causing  a  very  serious  rot  of  this  tree.  The  hymenophores  were 
formerly  used  by  colored  people  for  keeping  fire  over  night. 

2.     FULVIFOMES  JUNIPERINUS  (Schrenk)  Murrill 

Pileus  ungulate,  3-5  X  5-8  X  5-7  cm.;  surface  tomentose, 
deeply  sulcate,  reddish-brown  to  dark-brown;  margin  obtuse, 
velvety,  melleous  or  ferruginous  to  hoary;  context  woody, 
reddish-brown,  0.5-2  cm.  thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratified, 
0.5-1  cm.  long  each  season,  melleous  within,  reddish-brown  in 
the  older  layers,  mouths  circular,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse, 
entire,  even,  melleous;  spores  fulvous,  smooth,  globose  or  sub- 
globose;  cystidia  few,  subhyaline,  100  X  20/1. 

Occasional  on  living  trunks  of  Juniperus  in  Tennessee  and 
Texas.  The  rot  is  better  known  than  the  fruit-body.  Pyro- 
polyporus  Earlei  Murrill  is  probably  not  distinct. 

35.     PORODAEDALEA  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile,  conchate  to 
ungulate ;  surface  anoderm,  sulcate,  usually  rough ;  context  brown 
and  woody;  tubes  concolorous,  rarely  in  distinct  layers,  the 
hymenium  varying  from  porose  to  daedaleoid;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline  at  maturity,  becoming  brownish  with  age;  cystidia 
conspicuous. 

i.    PORODAEDALEA  PINI  (Thore)  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  typically  ungulate,  conchate  or  effused-reflexed 
in  varieties,  often  imbricate,  5-8  X  7-12  X  5-8  cm.,  smaller  in 


52  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

varieties;  surface  very  rough,  deeply  sulcate,  tomentose,  tawny- 
brown,  becoming  rimose  and  almost  black  with  age;  margin 
rounded  or  acute,  tomentose,  ferruginous  to  tawny-cinnamon, 
entire,  sterile  in  large  specimens;  context  soft-corky  to  indurate, 
ferruginous,  5-10  mm.  thick,  thinner  in  small  specimens;  tubes 
stratified,  white  to  avellaneous  within,  becoming  ferruginous  at 
maturity  and  in  the  older  layers,  5  mm.  long  each  season,  much 
shorter  in  thin  specimens,  mouths  irregular,  circular  or  daedale- 
oid,  often  radially  elongate,  averaging  I  to  a  mm.,  edges  fer- 
ruginous to  grayish-umbrinous,  glistening  when  young,  rather 
thin,  entire;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  hyaline  at  maturity, 
becoming  brownish  with  age,  5-6  X  3-4  ju ;  cystidia  abundant, 
short,  25-35  X  4-6  n. 

Common  throughout  most  of  the  region  on  living  trunks  of 
conifers,  causing  a  very  serious  heart-rot.  The  variation  in  the 
shape  of  the  hymenophores  is  exceedingly  confusing. 

36.     GLOBIFOMES  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  encrusted,  perennial,  epixylous,  com- 
pound; context  ferruginous,  punky;  tubes  cylindric,  thick-walled, 
stratose;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  ferruginous. 

i.    GLOBIFOMES  GRAVEOLENS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Hymenophore  polycephalous,  globose,  having  the  appearance 
of  being  thatched,  8-15  cm.  in  diameter,  the  center  homogeneous, 
ferruginous,  floccose  and  rigid;  pilei  very  numerous,  cespitose- 
branched,  closely  imbricate,  occupying  the  periphery  of  the 
mass;  pileus  corky,  rigid,  conchate,  usually  plicate,  1-3  X  0.5- 
0.8  cm.;  surface  radiately  sulcate,  slightly  zonate,  purplish- 
fuscous,  pulverulent  to  glabrous,  slightly  resinous  in  appearance, 
encrusted,  grayish-black  with  age;  margin  fulvous,  pulverulent, 
undulate  or  lobed,  subacute,  denexed,  sterile  on  the  perpendicular 
portion,  which  is  from  2  to  3  mm.  long;  context  floccose,  fer- 
ruginous, 2-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  2  mm.  long,  grayish-umbrinous, 
mouths  circular,  whitish-pulverulent  to  castaneous,  fuliginous 
with  age,  edges  thick,  entire;  spores  globose  or  ovoid,  smooth, 
ferruginous,  4/x;  cystidia  ovoid,  hyaline,  rather  abundant, 
7  X4M- 

Occasional  on  dead  trunks  of  oak,  maple,  and  beech  in  Georgia 
and  northward.  Sometimes  known  as  "sweet-knot,"  but  the 
odor  has  also  been  described  as  disagreeable  or  entirely  wanting. 
Polyporus  botryoides  Lev.  is  probably  not  distinct. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  53 

37.     ELFVINGIELLA  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  epixylous,  sessile,  applanate  or  ungulate; 
surface  sulcate,  horny-encrusted;  context  brown,  punky;  tubes 
brown,  cylindric,  stratose,  thick- walled ;  spores  smooth,  hyaline 
or  subhyaline. 

Pileus  exactly  ungulate;  pores  3  to  a  mm.  i.  E.  fomentaria. 

Pileus  compressed-ungulate;  pores  S  to  a  mm.  2.  E.  fasciata. 

i.    ELFVINGIELLA  FOMENTARIA  (L.)  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  ungulate,  concave  below,  7-9  X  8-10  X  3-10  cm.; 
surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  isabelline  to  avellaneous  and 
finally  black  and  shining  with  age,  zonate,  sulcate,  horny- 
encrusted  ;  margin  obtuse,  velvety,  isabelline  to  fulvous ;  context 
punky,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  conidia-bearing,  3-5  mm.  thick; 
tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  not  separated  by  layers  of  context, 
3-5  mm.  long  each  season,  avellaneous  to  umbrinous  within, 
mouths  circular,  whitish-stuffed  when  young,  3-4  to  a  mm., 
edges  obtuse,  entire,  grayish-white  to  avellaneous,  turning  dark 
when  bruised;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline  or  nearly  so, 
3-4  M- 

Frequent  in  the  southern  Appalachians  on  trunks  of  birch  and 
beech,  and  occasionally  on  maple  and  a  few  other  deciduous  trees, 
causing  serious  decay.  The  punky  substance  of  the  hymenophore 
was  formerly  used  in  tinder-boxes,  and  is  still  used  as  an  absorbent 
in  surgery  and  for  the  manufacture  of  various  ornamental  and 
useful  articles. 

2.     ELFVINGIELLA  FASCIATA  (Sw.)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  hard,  dimidiate,  applanate  to  ungulate,  convex  above, 
7-10  X  8-15  X  2-6  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose,  at  length 
glabrous,  concentrically  sulcate,  at  first  mole-colored,  changing 
to  umbrinous,  and  finally  avellaneous  with  black  fasciations; 
margin  acute  to  obtuse,  isabelline,  sterile,  undulate  or  entire; 
context  punky,  thin,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  zonate,  3-5  mm. 
thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  5-10  mm.  long  each  season, 
avellaneous  within,  mouths  circular,  minute,  4-5  to  a  mm., 
edges  obtuse,  avellaneous  to  umbrinous,  becoming  darker  when 
bruised;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  light-brown,  5-7  p. 

Common  throughout  the  Gulf  states  on  dead  trunks  of  various 
trees.  The  validity  of  the  specific  name  used  is  doubtful. 


54  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

38.     ELFVINGIA  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  large,  epixylous,  sessile,  applanate  or  ungulate; 
surface  sulcate,  horny-encrusted;  context  brown,  punky;  tubes 
brown,  cylindric,  stratose,  thick- walled,  mouths  whitish  or 
yellowish  when  young;  spores  brown;  conidia  present  in  most 
species  on  or  near  the  surface  of  the  pileus. 

Hymenophore  annual,  persisting  above  later  growths;  pileus 

reniform,  margin  thin;  spores  roughly  echinulate.  i.  E.  lobata. 

Hymenophore  truly  perennial;  tubes  stratified;  spores  smooth 
or  nearly  so.  2.  E.  megaloma. 

i.     ELFVINGIA  LOBATA  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  applanate,  reniform  to  dimidiate,  5-8  X  10-15  X  1-2.5 
cm.;  surface  concentrically  sulcate,  subzonate,  glabrous,  fer- 
ruginous to  fulvous,  becoming  grayish-brown  with  age;  margin 
thin,  rarely  rounded,  creamy-white,  smooth,  entire;  context 
punky  with  some  horny  fibers,  chestnut-colored,  slightly  zonate, 
5-8  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual,  5-8  mm.  long  each  season,  avellane- 
ous  within,  mouths  circular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire, 
cremeous  to  umbrinous,  becoming  brownish  when  bruised;  spores 
ovoid,  dark-brown,  asperulate,  8-10  X  6-7  /*. 

Occasional  throughout  on  certain  deciduous  trees,  especially 
oak,  causing  decay  of  the  trunk.  The  hymenophores  are  peculiar 
in  being  annual. 

2.    ELFVINGIA  MEGALOMA  (Lev.)  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  dimidiate,  applanate,  6-15  X  8-30  X  1-4  cm.; 
surface  milk-white  to  gray  or  umbrinous,  glabrous,  concentrically 
sulcate,  encrusted,  fasciate  with  obscure  lines,  conidia-bearing, 
usually  brownish  during  the  growing  season  from  the  covering 
of  conidia;  margin  obtuse,  broadly  sterile,  white  or  slightly 
cremeous,  entire  to  undulate;  context  corky,  usually  rather 
hard,  zonate,  fulvous  to  bay,  5-10  mm.  thick,  thinner  with  age; 
tubes  very  evenly  stratified,  separated  by  thin  layers  of  context, 
5-10  mm.  long  each  season,  avellaneous  to  umbrinous  within, 
mouths  circular,  5  to  a  mm.,  whitish-stuffed  when  young,  edges 
obtuse,  entire,  white  or  slightly  yellowish  to  umbrinous,  quickly 
changing  color  when  bruised;  spores  ovoid,  smooth  or  very 
slightly  roughened,  pale-yellowish-brown,  truncate  at  the  base, 
7-8  X  5-6  M- 

Very  common  from  the  mountains  of  Alabama  northward  on 
dead  or  diseased  trunks  of  most  deciduous  trees,  and  also  on 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  55 

conifers  in  certain  sections,  causing  decay  of  the  sapwood  and 
exposed  heartwood.  It  is  known  to  cause  root-rot  in  aspen 
and  is  doubtless  destructive  to  the  roots  of  other  trees.  The 
immense  hymenophores  are  often  used  by  amateur  artists  for 
etching.  The  presence  of  conidia  has  recently  been  questioned. 

39.     GANODERMA  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  large,  sessile  or  stipitate,  perennial  or  annual, 
epixylous;  surface  sulcate,  covered  with  reddish-brown  varnish; 
context  punky,  brown  or  pallid;  tubes  cylindric,  concolorous; 
spores  ovoid,  brown. 

Context  ochraceous  to  isabelline  above,  tawny  below. 

Hymenophore  perennial;  margin  of  pileus  truncate  at  maturity; 

stipe  present.  I.  G.  Curtisii. 

Hymenophore  annual;  margin  of  pileus  acute;  stipe  present  or 

absent.  2.  G.  sessile. 

Context  dark-bay  throughout;  stipe  absent. 

Pileus  zonate,  even;  tubes  not  stratified.  3.  G.  zonatum. 

Pileus  sulcate,  azonate;  tubes  stratified.  4.  G.  sulcatum. 

i.     GANODERMA  CURTISII  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  reniform,  convex  above,  concave  below, 
5-10  X  8-15  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  ochraceous  to  lateri- 
ceous  or  bay,  at  first  laccate,  the  varnish  soon  disappearing, 
broadly  sulcate;  margin  obtuse  to  truncate,  sulcate,  ochraceous, 
entire,  glabrous;  context  soft-corky,  zonate,  ochraceous  above, 
fulvous  below,  5  mm.  thick;  tubes  perennial,  indistinctly  strati- 
fied, 5-8  mm.  long  each  season,  avellaneous-umbrinous  within, 
mouths  circular  to  slightly  angular,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges 
entire,  white  or  cremeous,  becoming  umbrinous;  spores  ovoid, 
attenuate  and  truncate  at  the  apex,  yellowish-brown,  9-11 
X  5-8 /z;  stipe  usually  eccentric  or  lateral,  erect  or  ascending, 
equal  or  slightly  enlarged  above,  cylindric,  bay,  laccate,  the 
substance  similar  to  the  context  and  darker  at  the  center, 
5-10  X  2-3  cm. 

Rather  common  throughout  on  or  about  decayed  trunks  and 
stumps  of  oaks  and  other  deciduous  trees. 

2.     GANODERMA  SESSILE  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate,  sessile  or  stipitate,  imbricate 
or  connate  at  times,  conchate  to  fan-shaped,  thickest  behind, 
thin  at  the  margin,  5-15  X  7-25  X  1-3  cm.;  surface  glabrous, 


56  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

laccate,  shining,  radiate-rugose,  concentrically  sulcate,  yellow  to 
reddish-chestnut,  at  length  opaque-dark-brown,  usually  marked 
near  the  margin  with  alternating  bay  and  tawny  zones;  margin 
usually  very  thin  and  acute,  often  curved  downward  and  undu- 
late, rarely  becoming  truncate,  white,  at  length  concolorous; 
context  soft-corky  or  woody,  radiate-fibrous,  concentrically 
banded,  ochraceous-f ulvous ;  tubes  0.5-2  cm.  long,  3-5  to  a  mm., 
brown  within,  mouths  circular  or  angular,  white  or  grayish- 
brown,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores  ovoid,  obtuse  at  the  base, 
attenuate  and  truncate  at  the  apex,  smooth,  yellowish-brown, 
9-11  X  6-8  n;  stipe  laterally  attached,  usually  ascending,  irre- 
gularly cylindric,  1-4  X  0.5-1.5  cm.,  resembling  the  pileus  in 
color,  surface,  and  substance,  often  obsolete. 

Frequent  throughout  on  diseased  trunks  and  dead  stumps  of 
both  deciduous  and  coniferous  trees.  Very  similar  in  its  stipitate 
forms  to  Polyporus  lucidus  of  Europe.  G.  subperforatum  Atk., 
described  from  Ohio,  is  probably  distinct. 

3.  GANODERMA  ZONATUM  Murrill 

Pileus  very  soft-corky,  sessile,  dimidiate,  applanate  or  convex 
above,  concave  below;  surface  glabrous,  zonate,  not  sulcate, 
5  X  7  X  1.5  cm.;  margin  velvety,  acute,  becoming  obtuse  and 
concolorous;  context  very  soft,  floccose,  radiate-fibrous,  con- 
centrically banded,  0.5  cm.  thick,  chocolate-brown;  hymenium 
velvety,  not  stratose;  tubes  I  cm.  long,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  umbrinous 
within,  mouths  white  to  umbrinous,  regular,  polygonal,  stuffed 
at  first  with  whitish  material,  covered  0.5-2  cm.  from  the  margin 
with  yellowish  or  reddish  varnish;  edges  entire,  obtuse  to  acute; 
spores  elongate-ellipsoid,  smooth,  pale-yellowish-brown,  8-10 
X  4-6  /i. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Florida. 

4.  GANODERMA  SULCATUM  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  dimidiate,  sessile  or  arising  from  a  lateral  tubercle, 
plane  or  convex  above,  thickest  behind,  8  X  1 1  X  2  cm. ;  surface 
laccate,  glabrous,  azonate,  fulvous  to  chestnut,  deeply  sulcate; 
margin  rounded,  velvety,  ochroleucous,  at  length  concolorous; 
context  very  soft,  floccose,  radiate-fibrous,  concentrically  banded, 
I  cm.  thick,  umbrinous-chestnut;  tubes  •  indistinctly  stratified, 
1.25  cm.  long,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  umbrinous  within,  mouths  whitish 
or  yellowish,  at  length  umbrinous,  dissepiments  entire,  obtuse; 
spores  ellipsoid,  pale-yellowish-brown,  smooth,  8-10  X  4-6  p. 

Occasional  on  dead  trunks  of  palmetto  in  Georgia  and  Florida. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  57 

40.     CERRENA   (Micheli)  S.  F.  Gray 

Hymenophore  small,  epixylous,  sessile,  conchate,  annual; 
surface  anoderm,  hairy  or  subglabrous,  zonate  or  sulcate;  con- 
text thin,  white,  fibrous,  flexible;  hymenium  at  first  labyrinthi- 
form,  soon  becoming  irpiciform  from  the  splitting  of  the  dissepi- 
ments; spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    CERRENA  UNICOLOR  (Bull.)  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  sessile,  imbricate,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform, 
conchate,  often  laterally  confluent,  2.5-3.5  X  5-10  X  0.1-0.3 
cm.;  surface  villose-strigose,  rugose,  zonate,  plicate,  isabelline 
to  fulvous,  becoming  avellaneous  with  age  and  blackish  and 
nearly  glabrous  behind;  margin  acute,  undulate  to  lobed,  paler, 
zonate,  strigose-tomentose ;  context  very  thin,  membranous, 
white,  homogeneous,  scarcely  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  decurrent, 
labyrinthiform,  1-3  mm.  long,  white  or  isabelline  to  fuliginous  or 
umbrinous,  averaging  2  to  a  mm.,  edges  acute,  uneven,  soon 
becoming  dentate-lacerate,  giving  the  hymenium  an  irpiciform 
appearance;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  hyaline,  4-6  X  3-4  p. 

Very  common  throughout  on  dead  deciduous  wood,  and  rarely 
on  coniferous  wood.  This  species  has  recently  been  found  in 
Europe  to  be  parasitic  on  horsechestnut,  beech,  black  locust, 
and  red  maple. 

41.     DAEDALEA   Pers. 

Hymenophore  epixylous,  usually  large  and  annual,  sessile, 
applanate  to  ungulate;  surface  anoderm,  glabrous,  often  zonate; 
context  white  or  wood-colored,  rigid,  woody  or  punky ;  hymenium 
normally  labyrinthiform,  but  varying  to  lamellate  and  porose  in 
some  species;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Tubes  one  to  several  millimeters  in  transverse  diameter;  surface 

usually  brown  or  discolored. 

Pileus  thick,  triangular,  margin  obtuse.  i.  D.  quercina. 

Pileus  thin,  applanate,  margin  thin.  2.  D.  confragosa. 

Tubes  less  than  one  half  millimeter  in  transverse  diameter; 

surface  white  or  yellowish.  3.  D.  ambigua. 

r    ' 

i.     DAEDALEA  QUERCINA  (L.)  Pers. 

Pileus  corky,  rigid,  dimidiate,  sessile,  imbricate,  applanate, 
convex  below,  triangular  in  section,  6-12  X  9-20  X  2-4  cm.; 
surface  isabelline-avellaneous  to  cinereous  or  smoky-black  with 
age,  slightly  sulcate,  zonate  at  times,  tuberculose  to  colliculose 
in  the  older  portions;  margin  usually  thin,  pallid,  glabrous;  con- 


58  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

text  isabelline,  soft-corky,  homogeneous,  5-7  mm.  thick;  tubes 
labyrinthiform,  becoming  nearly  lamellate  with  age  in  some 
specimens,  1-2  cm.  long,  1-2  mm.  broad,  chalk-white  or  dis- 
colored within,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  ochraceous  to  avellaneous. 
Occasional  northward  on  stumps,  trunks,  and  timbers  of  oak 
and  chestnut. 

2.    DAEDALEA  CONFRAGOSA  (Bolt.)  Pers. 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  imbricate,  sessile,  dimidiate,  convex 
or  plane  above,  variable  in  size,  2-7  X  3-10  X  0.5-1.5  cm.; 
surface  multizonate,  rugose,  scrupose,  often  tuberculose,  becom- 
ing glabrous,  isabelline  or  avellaneous  to  latericeous-f uscous ; 
margin  thin,  entire  to  lobed,  pallid,  fertile,  dark-brown  when 
bruised;  context  corky  to  woody,  white  to  avellaneous,  zonate, 
3-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  variable,  porose  or  labyrinthiform, 
often  becoming  lamellate  with  age,  0.5-1.5  mm.  broad,  5-10 
mm.  deep,  white  or  avellaneous  within,  mouths  grayish-pruinose 
when  young,  becoming  umbrinous  or  reddish-fuscous,  edges 
thin,  becoming  lacerate-dentate  and  often  fimbriate,  turning  at 
once  to  yellowish-brown  when  bruised;  spores  smooth,  hyaline, 
cylindric  to  ellipsoid,  5-8  X  2-3  p. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  various  forms  of  deciduous 
wood.  This  is  one  of  the  most  variable  species  known. 

3.     DAEDALEA  AMBIGUA  Berk. 

Pileus  corky,  reniform,  sessile  or  spuriously  stipitate,  simple, 
applanate,  8-12  X  10-20  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  glabrous, 
smooth,  azonate,  polished,  milk-white  to  yellowish,  sometimes 
purplish-black  with  age;  margin  rather  thin,  white,  entire  or 
undulate;  context  floccose,  zonate,  white,  4-8  mm.  thick;  tubes 
varying  from  circular  to  labyrinthiform,  minute,  white,  3  to  a 
mm.  measured  transversely,  4-6  mm.  deep,  edges  thick,  entire, 
white  to  isabelline;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  2-3  ju. 

Rather  common  throughout,  except  in  the  mountains,  on 
dead  trunks  of  deciduous  trees. 

42.     LENZITES   Fries 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  conchate; 
surface  anoderm,  usually  zonate  and  tomentose;  context  white, 
coriaceous,  flexible;  hymenium  lamellate,  the  radiating  gill-like 
dissepiments  connected  transversely  at  times,  especially  in 
youth;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  59 

i.    LENZITES  BETULINA  (L.)  Fries 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  sessile,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform, 
imbricate,  conchate,  3-4  X  4-7  X  0.3-1  cm.;  surface  conspicu- 
ously tomentose,  velvety,  multizonate,  somewhat  uneven,  often 
radiate-rugose  to  plicate,  avellaneous  with  latericeous  zones, 
becoming  olivaceous  with  age;  margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed  at 
times;  context  very  thin,  white,  membranous,  scarcely  a  mm. 
thick;  furrows  slightly  anastomosing  when  very  young,  1-2  mm. 
broad,  3-10  mm.  deep,  edges  thin,  entire  to  undulate,  slightly 
notched  with  age,  cremeous  within,  ochroleucous  to  sordid- 
ochraceous  without;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  6  ju. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  various  forms  of  dead  de- 
ciduous wood  and  rarely  on  coniferous  wood. 

43.    GLOEOPHYLLUM  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile;  surface  hairy 
or  glabrous,  anoderm,  often  zonate;  context  tough,  brown; 
hymenium  normally  lamelloid  or  daedaleoid,  but  frequently 
poroid  in  some  species;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Context  avellaneous  to  umbrinous,  furrows  about  0.5  mm.  broad,  i.  G.  trdbeum. 

Context  ferruginous  to  castaneous,  furrows  about  i  mm.  broad. 

Surface  hirsute.  2.  G.  hirsutum- 

Surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous.  3.  G.  Berkeleyi. 

i.     GLOEOPHYLLUM  TRABEUM  (Pers.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  rather  soft,  dimidiate,  sessile,  laterally  connate, 
plane  or  convex  above,  nearly  plane  below,  2  X  4-8  X  0.5-1 
cm.;  surface  anoderm,  tomentose,  smooth  or  slightly  tubercular, 
usually  azonate,  opaque,  isabelline  when  fresh,  becoming  avel- 
laneous to  umbrinous  and  finally  fuliginous  behind,  changing 
immediately  to  ferruginous  or  fulvous  when  bruised;  margin 
very  thin,  nearly  entire,  ochroleucous;  context  soft,  punky, 
homogeneous,  dull-umbrinous,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual, 
2-4  mm.  long,  ochroleucous  to  isabelline  within,  mouths  irregular, 
daedaleoid  or  radially  elongate,  averaging  0.5  mm.  in  width, 
edges  uneven,  isabelline  to  grayish-umbrinous  or  fulvous,  the 
transverse  walls  often  splitting  with  age  and  giving  the  hymenium 
a  lamelloid  appearance;  spores  cylindric,  smooth,  hyaline,  9-12 
X  3-4  /*• 

Common  throughout  on  dead  deciduous  and  coniferous  wood, 
structural  timbers  in  particular. 


60  SOUTHERN  POLYPORES 

2.  GLOEOPHYLLUM  HIRSUTUM  (Schaeff.)  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  corky  to  woody,  slightly  flexible,  imbricate,  sessile, 
laterally  connate,  often  decurrent,  oblong-dimidiate  to  flabelli- 
form,  conchate,  2-3  X  4-8  X  0.3-1  cm. ;  surface  zonate,  strigose- 
tomentdse,  anoderm,  rather  uneven,  reddish-fulvous  to  fuliginous 
or  umbrinous;  margin  rather  thick,  sterile,  isabelline,  undulate, 
finely  tomentose,  becoming  acute  and  darker  in  age;  context 
soft-corky,  homogeneous,  fulvous,  about  2  mm.  thick;  tubes 
usually  lamelloid,  anastomosing  when  young,  ochraceous  to 
grayish-umbrinous,  0.5-1  mm.  broad,  2-5  mm.  deep,  edges 
thin,  undulate;  in  a  poroid  variety,  tubes  circular,  regular,  2  to 
a  mm.,  edges  thick,  firm,  entire;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  hyaline, 
8-12  X  3-4  M- 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  dead  coniferous  wood,  and 
rarely  on  deciduous  wood.  It  is  very  destructive  to  coniferous 
timber,  and  sometimes  causes  heart-rot  in  living  ti  unks. 

3.  GLOEOPHYLLUM  BERKELEYI  (Sacc.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  subrigid,  dimidiate,  sessile,  imbricate,  laterally 
connate,  plane  above,  usually  convex  below,  3-5  X  5-10  X  0.8-2 
cm. ;  surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous  and  subshining,  zonate, 
slightly  sulcate,  radiately  furrowed,  cremeous  or  isabelline  to 
fulvous  or  chestnut-colored  and  finally  black  behind;  margin 
obtuse,  tomentose,  white  or  cream-colored  to  ochraceous-f ulvous ; 
context  punky  to  soft-corky,  homogeneous,  2-4  mm.  thick, 
fulvous,  tinged  with  rhubarb  when  very  young;  tubes  irregular, 
daedaleoid,  branched  or  forked,  becoming  much  elongate  radially, 
5-15  mm.  deep,  about  I  mm.  broad,  wider  with  age,  edges  white 
or  ochraceous  to  fulvous,  thin,  rigid,  sinuate,  rarely  splitting 
even  with  age. 

Frequent  on  dead  coniferous  wood  in  the  Gulf  states. 

44.     CYCLOPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  tough,  anoderm,  terrestrial,  centrally 
stipitate;  context  soft,  spongy,  ferruginous;  pores  at  first  poly- 
gonal, soon  becoming  continuous  concentric  furrows,  dissepi- 
ments thin,  lamelloid;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  ferruginous. 

i.    CYCLOPORUS  GREENEI  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  circular,  obconic  to  explanate,  rarely  cespitose,  5-10 
cm.  broad,  5-10  mm.  thick  at  the  center,  much  thinner  at  the 
margin;  surface  undulate,  zonate,  tomentose  to  glabrous  and 


SOUTHERN  POLYPORES  61 

shining,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  fuliginous-black  in  some  old 
plants;  margin  at  first  rounded,  sterile,  undulate,  isabelline, 
becoming  very  thin,  darker,  and  somewhat  eroded  with  age; 
context  spongy,  fragile,  zonate,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  scarcely 
I  mm.  thick  in  mature  plants;  tubes  oblong-polygonal  when  very 
young,  soon  becoming  concentric  furrows,  5-8  mm.  deep,  1-2 
mm.  wide,  undulate,  pale-fulvous  to  fuliginous,  edges  isabelline 
to  umbrinous,  very  thin,  uneven,  splitting  with  age;  spores  ovoid, 
smooth,  pale-ferruginous,  5-6  X  10-12  /*;  stipe  central,  enlarged 
above,  irregular,  tomentose,  fulvous  to  fuliginous,  spongy  and 
brown  within,  3-8  cm.  long,  1.5-2  cm.  thick. 

Occasional  on  the  ground  in  woods  in  the  mountains  of  North 
Carolina. 


SUPPLEMENTARY   NOTES 

Pseudofavolus  auriculatus  Pat.  Bull.  Soc.  Myc.  Fr.  24:  4.  1908.  Described  from 
specimens  collected  by  Langlois  on  dead  branches  in  Louisiana  and  said  to  be 
near  Hexagona  cucullata  (Mont.)  Murrill. 

Polyporus  calvescens  Berk.  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  3 :  390.  1839.  Described  from  New 
Orleans,  Louisiana,  and  not  since  collected.  It  cannot  be  referred  to  Hafalopilus 
gilvus. 

Coriolopsis  crocata  (Fries)  Murrill  probably  occurs  rarely  on  the  Gulf  coast. 

Fulvifomes  Everhartii  (Ellis  &  Gall.)  Murrill  has  been  reported  from  North 
Carolina. 

Spongipellis  fragilis  (Fries)  Murrill,  comb.  nov.  Polyporus  fragilis  Fries, 
Elench.  Fung.  86.  1828.  Occasional  on  dead  coniferous  wood  in  the  eastern 
United  States,  southward  to  the  mountains  of  western  North  Carolina.  The  sur- 
face and  tubes  are  white,  changing  to  ferruginous  or  chestnut  when  handled. 

Trametes  Petersii  Berk.  &  Curt.  Grevillea  i :  66.  1872.  Described  from  speci- 
mens collected  in  Alabama  as  applanate,  pale-fulvous,  finely  tomentose,  slightly 
sulcate-zonate  near  the  margin;  tubes  minute,  with  rigid  dissepiments.  This 
species  has  not  been  collected  since  it  was  discovered.  It  can  hardly  be  referred 
to  Hapalopilus  gilvus. 

Grifola  ramosissima  (Scop.)  Murrill  has  been  reported  from  Tennessee. 

Specimens  that  appear  to  be  Elfvingia  tornata  were  recently  received  from 
Austin,  Texas. 

Fames  torulosus  is  said  to  have  been  found  in  New  Orleans  on  the  trunk  of  a 
living  live  oak. 


INDEX  TO  GENERA  WITH  SPECIES 


Abortiporus,  24 
distortus,  25 

Aurantiporus,  30 
Pilotae,  30 

Bjerkandera,  16 
adusta,  16 
fumosa,  1 6 

Cerrena,  57 

unicolor,  57 

Cerrenella,  31 
farinacea,  32 
Ravenelii,  32 

Coltricia,  42 

cinnamomea,  43 
focicola,  43 
Memmingeri,  45 
obesa,  44 
perennis,  43 
tomentosa,  44 

Coltriciella,  42 

dependens,  42 

Coriolellus,  n 
Sepium,  n 
serialis,  n 

Coriolopsis,  32 
rigida,  32 

Coriolus,  s 

abietinus,  10 
alabamensis,  7 
Drummondii,  8 
ectypus,  7 
hexagoniformis,  7 
membranaceus,  9 
molliusculus,  10 
nigromarginatus,  9 
ochrotinctellus,  8 
prolificans,  10 
sector,  7 

sericeohirsutus,  9 
subectypus,  8 
sublilacinus,  10 
versicolor,  6 

Cycloporus,  60 
Greenei,  60 

Daedal ea,  57 
ambigua,  58 
confragosa,  58 
quercina,  57 

Elfvingia,  54 
lobata,  54 
megaloma,  54 

Elfvingiella,  53 
fasciata,  53 
fomentaria,  53 


Fomes,  45 

annosus,  47 
fraxineus,  46 
geotropur,  48 
Meliae,  47 
populinus,  47 
roseus,  46 
scutellatus,  46 
ungulatus,  47 

Fomitella,  48 
supina,  48 

Fulvifomes,  50 

juniperinus,  51 
Robiniae,  51 

Funalia,  33 

cladotricha,  33 
stuppea,  34 
versatilis,  33 

Ganoderma,  55 
Curtisii,  55 
sessile,  55 
sulcatum,  56 
zonatum,  56 

Globifomes,  52 

graveolens,  52 

Gloeophyllum,  59 
Berkeleyi,  60 
hirsutum,  60 
trabeum,  59 

Grifola,  27 

Berkeleyi,  29 
flavovirens,  28 
frondosa,  29 
Sumstinei,  28 

Hapalopilus,  34 
gilvus,  35 
licnoides,  35 
rutilans,  34 
sublilacinus,  35 

Hexagona,  18 

alveolaris,  19 
cucullata,  19 
daedalea,  19 

Inonotus,  37 

amplectens,  40 
dryadeus,  38 
dryophilus,  39 
hirsutus,  38 
juniperinus,  39 
ludovicianus,  41 
perplexus,  39 
radiatus,  40 
texanus,  39 

Irpiciporus,  4 


64  INDEX  TO  GENERA  WITH  SPECIES 

Irpiciporus — lacteus,  4  Pycnoporus,  29 

mollis,  4  cinnabarinus,  30 

Ischnoderma,  36  sanguineus,  30 

fuliginosum,  36  Pyropolyporus,  49 

Laetiporus,  31  Calkinsii,  50 

speciosus,  31  conchatus,  50 

Lenzites,  58  fulvus,  49 

betulina,  59  Langloisii,  50 

Microporellus,  20  texanus,  49 

dealbatus,  20  Rigidoporus,  17 

Nigroporus,  37  surinamensis,  17 

vinosus,  37  Scutiger,  25 

Phaeolus,  41  caeruleoporus,  26 

sistotremoides,  41  Ellisii,  25 

Pogonomyces,  36  griseus,  27 

hydnoides,  36  laeticolor,  26 

Polyporus,  20  persicinus,  27 

arculariellus,  22  retipes,  26 

arcularius,  23  Spongipellis,  15 
caudicinus,  23  fissilis,  16 

confusus,  22  fragilis,  61 

delicatus,  21  unicolor,  15 

dibaphus,  22  Trametes,  17 
elegans,  24  subnivosa,  17 

fissus,  24  Tyromyces,  12 
fractipes,  21  caesius,  14 

Polyporus,  22  Calkinsii,  12 

Tricholoma,  23  cerifluus,  13 

Porodaedalea,  51  chioneus,  14 

Pini,  51  lacteus,  15 

Porodisculus,  18  palustris,  12 

pendulus,  18  semipileatus,  14 

Poronidulus,  5  Smallii,  13 

conchifer,  5  Spraguei,  13 


INDEX  TO  SPECIES 


abietinus  (Coriolus),  10 
adusta  (Bjerkandera),  16 
alabamensis  (Coriolus),  7 
alveolaris  (Hexagona),  19 
ambigua  (Daedalea),  58 
amplectens  (Inonotus),  40 
annosus  (Fomes),  47 
arculariellus  (Polyporus),  22 
arculariformis  (Polyporus),  23 
arcularius  (Polyporus),  23 
auriculatus  (Pseudofavolus),  61 
Berkeley!  (Gloeophyllum),  60 
Berkeleyi  (Grifola),  29 
betulina  (Lenzites),  59 
biformis  (Coriolus),  10 
botryoides  (Polyporus),  52 
caeruleoporus  (Scuiiger),  26 
caesius  (Tyromyces),  14 
Calkinsii  (Pyropolyporus),  50 
Calkinsii  (Tyromyces),  12 
calvescens  (Polyporus),  61 
caudicinus  (Polyporus),  23 
cerifluus  (Tyromyces),  13 
chioneus  (Tyromyces),  14 
•cinnabarinus  (Pycnoporus),  30 
cinnamomea  (Coltricia),  43 
cladotricha  (Funalia),  33 
concha tus  (Pyropolyporus),  50 
conchifer  (Poronidulus),  5 
confragosa  (Daedalea),  58 
confusus  (Polyporus),  22 
craterellus  (Polyporus),  22 
cristatus  (Polyporus),  28 
crocata  (Coriolopsis),  61 
croceus  (Polyporus),  31 
cucullata,  (Hexagona),  19 
Curtisii  (Ganoderma),  55 
cuticularis  (Polyporus),  40 
daedalea  (Hexagona),  19 
dsalbatus  (Microporellus),  20 
dealbatus  (Polyporus),  20 
delicatus  (Polyporus),  21 
dependens  (Coltriciella),  42 
dibaphus  (Polyporus),  22 
distortus  (Abortiporus),  25 
Drummondii  (Coriolus),  8 
dryadeus  (Inonotus),  38 
dryophilus  (Inonotus),  39 
Earlei  (Pyropolyporus),  51 
ectypus  (Coriolus),  7 
elegans  (Polyporus),  24 
Ellisii  (Scutiger),  25 
Everhartii  (Fulvifomes),  61 
farinacea  (Cerrenella),  32 


fasciata  (Elfvingiella),  53 
fissilis  (Spongipellis),  16 
fissus  (Polyporus),  24 
flavovirens  (Grifola),  28 
focicola  (Coltricia),  43 
fomentaria  (Elfvingiella),  53 
fractipes  (Polyporus),  21 
fragilis  (Polyporus),  61 
fragilis  (Spongipellis),  61 
fraxineus  (Fomes),  46 
frondosa  (Grifola),  29 
fuliginosum  (Ischnoderma) ,  36 
fulvus  (Pyropolyporus),  49 
fumosa  (Bjerkandera),  16 
fusco-velutinus  (Xanthochrous),  41 
geotropus  (Fomes),  48 
giganteus  (Polyporus),  29 
gilvus  (Hapalopilus),  35 
glomeratus  (Polyporus),  40 
graveolens  (Globifomes),  52 
Greenei  (Cycloporus),  60 
griseus  (Scutiger),  27 
hexagoniformis  (Coriolus),  7 
hirsutum  (Gloeophyllum),  60 
hirsutus  (Inonotus),  38 
hispida  (Trametes),  34 
holocyaneus  (Scutiger),  26 
humilis  (Polyporus),  21 
hydnoides  (Pogonomyces),  36 
juniperinus  (Fulvifomes),  51 
juniperinus  (Inonotus),  39 
lacteus  (Irpiciporus),  4 
lacteus  (Tyromyces),  15 
laeticolor  (Scutiger),  26 
Langloisii  (Pyropolyporus),  50 
licnoides  (Hapalopilus),  35 
lobata  (Elfvingia),  54 
lucidus  (Polyporus),  56 
ludovicianus  (Inonotus),  41 
ludovicianus  (Xanthochrous),  41 
megaloma  (Elfvingia),  54 
Meliae  (Fomes),  47 
membranaceus  (Coriolus),  9 
Memmingeri  (Coltricia),  45 
mollis  (Irpiciporus),  4 
molliusculus  (Coriolus),  10 
Montagnei  (Polystictus),  45 
mutabilis  (Polyporus),  20 
nigromarginatus  (Coriolus),  9 
obesa  (Coltricia),  44 
ochrotinctellus  (Coriolus),  8 
palustris  (Tyromyces),  12 
pendulus  (Porodisculus),  18 
perennis  (Coltricia),  43 


66  INDEX  TO  SPECIES 


perplexus  (Inonotus),  39  Smallii  (Tyromyces),  13 

persicinus  (Scutiger),  27  speciosus  (Laetiporus),  31 

Petersii  (Trametes),  61  Spraguei  (Tyromyces),  13 

Pilotae  (Aurantiporus),  30  stuppea  (Funalia),  34 

Pini  (Porodaedalea),  51  subectypus  (Coriolus),  8 

pinsitus  (Coriolus),  33  sublilacinus  (Coriolus),  10 

Polyporus  (Polyporus),  22  sublilacinus  (Hapalopilus),  35 

populinus  (Fomes),  47  subnivosa  (Trametes),  17 

poripes  (Grifola),  28  subperforatum  (Ganoderma),  56 

prolificans  (Coriolus),  10  sulcatum  (Ganoderma),  56 

puberula  (Bjerkandera),  17  Sumstinei  (Grifola),  28 

quercina  (Daedalea),  57  supina  (Fomitella),  48 

radiatus  (Inonotus),  40  surinamensis  (Rigidoporus),  17 

ramosissima  (Grifola),  61  texanus  (Inonotus),  39 

Ravenelii  (Cerrenella),  32  texanus  (Pyropolyporus),  49 

retipes  (Scutiger),  26  tomentosa  (Coltricia),  44 

rigida  (Coriolopsis),  32  tornata  (Elfvingia),  61 

Robiniae  (Fulvifomes),  51  torulosus  (Fomes),  61 

roseus  (Fomes),  46  trabeum  (Gloeophyllum),  59 

rutilans  (Hapalopilus),  34  Tricholoma  (Polyporus),  23 

sanguineus  (Pycnoporus),  30  ungulatus  (Fomes),  47 

scutellatus  (Fomes),  46  unicolor  (Cerrena),  57 

sector  (Coriolus),  7  unicolor  (Spongipellis),  15 

semipileatus  (Tyromyces),  14  versatilis  (Funalia),  33 

Sepium  (Coriolellus),  n  versicolor  (Coriolus),  6 

serialis  (Coriolellus),  n  villosa  (Funalia),  33 

sericeohirsutus  (Coriolus),  9  villosus  (Boletus),  33 

sessile  (Ganoderma),  55  vinosus  (Nigroporus),  37 

sistotremoides  (Phaeolus),  41  zonatum  (Ganoderma),  56 


Manuals  of  Polypores  and  Bolefes 

By  WILLIAM  A.  MURRILL,  A.M.,  PH.D.,  Assistant 
Director  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  Editor 
of  Mycologia,  and  Associate  Editor  of  North  Ameri- 
can Flora. 

Northern  Polypores,  issued  December  8, 1914      .      $1.00 
Including  species  found  in  Canada  and  the  United 
States  south  to  Virginia  and  west  to  the  Rockies. 

Southern  Polypores,  issued  in  January,  1915  .      .    $I.OO 
Including  species  found  in  the  United  States  from 
North  Carolina  to  Florida  and  west  to  Texas. 

Western  Polypores,  issued  in  February,  1915     .      .      $I.OO 
Including  species  found  in  the  states  on  the  Pacific 
coast  from  California  to  Alaska. 

Tropical  Polypores,  issued  in  March,  1915    .     .     .$1.50 
Including  species  found  in  Mexico,  Central  America, 
southern  Florida,  the  West  Indies,  and  other  islands 
between  North  America  and  South  America. 

American  Bole tes,  issued  December  8,  1914      .     .      $I.OO 
Including  all  the  species  found  in  temperate  and 
tropical  North  America,  both  on  the  mainland  and 
on  the  islands,  south  to  South  America. 

The  above  prices  include  prepaid  postage,  even  to  foreign  countries.  No  reduc- 
tion is  made  to  any  one,  dealers  included.  The  author  regrets  that,  owing  to  the 
small  editions,  no  copies  can  be  distributed  for  examination,  but  a  free  desk  copy 
will  be  supplied,  if  requested,  with  an  order  for  ten  copies  of  the  same  book  sent 
to  one  address. 

Remit  by  Postoffice  or  Express  Money  Order,  or,  if  by 
Check,  please  add  Exchange. 

W.  A.  MURRILL 

Bronxwood   Park 

NEW  YORK  CITY 


UNIVERSITY  OF 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


AA    000925779    1 


SOUTHERN 

flf  CALIFMM* 

lRARY, 


